civilian
gb/səvˈɪljən/ us/səvˈɪljən/
B1
Αγγλικά
~ 8200
Σημασίες
0 σημασίες
Ουσιαστικό
B1
entity
1
person not in the military
A person who is not in the army, navy, air force, police, or other uniformed service.
Μοτίβο χρήσης:
a/the civilian [does something]
Συχνό λάθος:
Learners sometimes confuse "civilian" with "civil". "Civilian" is about people who are not in the military or police. "Civil" usually relates to citizens, laws, or polite behavior (civil law, civil rights, civil behavior), not specifically to non-military people.
Συνώνυμα
noncombatant (More formal; often used specifically about people who are not fighting in a war.)
|
non-military person (More descriptive and less idiomatic; clearly contrasts with military members but is less common as a set term.)
Αντώνυμα
soldier (A basic, common word for a member of an army, the opposite of a civilian in a military context.)
|
service member (A more general term for anyone serving in the armed forces, opposite to a civilian.)
Συνδυασμοί λέξεων
ordinary civilians
|protect civilians
|target civilians
|civilians and soldiers
|civilians were killed
Θέματα
war
|society
|politics
|law
|core_vocabulary
Παραδείγματα
- The city was evacuated to keep civilians safe from the fighting.
- Several civilians were injured when the bomb exploded near the market.
- After ten years in the army, he left and became a civilian again.
- Aid workers helped civilians who had lost their homes in the conflict.
- The law applies to both soldiers and civilians.
Παραδείγματα για μαθητές
- Many civilians ran away from the war.
- The government must protect civilians in this area.
- He worked as a soldier, but now he is a civilian.
- Civilians cannot enter this military base.
- The bus was full of civilians and a few soldiers.
adjective
B2
property
2
relating to non-military people
Talking about people or things that are not in the army, police, or other uniformed groups.
Μοτίβο χρήσης:
[civilian] [noun]
Συχνό λάθος:
Learners sometimes say "normal life" or "private life" when they specifically mean life outside the military. "Civilian life" clearly contrasts life in the armed forces with life as an ordinary person.
Συνώνυμα
non-military (Very close in meaning; often used for equipment or activities rather than people (e.g. non-military use).)
|
civil (Overlaps in some contexts (civil courts, civil government), but "civil" is broader and also covers non-criminal law and polite behavior.)
Αντώνυμα
military (Describes people, things, and activities belonging to the armed forces, the direct opposite of "civilian" in this sense.)
|
uniformed (Highlights belonging to an official service (police, army, etc.), contrasted with ordinary civilian status.)
Συνδυασμοί λέξεων
civilian life
|civilian clothes
|civilian government
|civilian population
|civilian job
|civilian administration
Θέματα
war
|society
|work
|politics
|law
|core_vocabulary
Παραδείγματα
- He found it hard to adjust to civilian life after leaving the navy.
- The officer changed into civilian clothes before going home.
- The country returned to civilian government after years of military rule.
- Aid agencies warned that the bombing threatened the civilian population.
- She left the army and took a civilian job in finance.
Παραδείγματα για μαθητές
- He had problems in civilian life after many years as a soldier.
- The police officer went home in civilian clothes.
- The country moved from military rule to civilian government.
- War is very dangerous for the civilian population.
- After the war, many soldiers looked for civilian jobs.
Ουσιαστικό
informal
B2
entity
3
non-expert in a field
A person who is not an expert or professional in a special subject or job.
Μοτίβο χρήσης:
a/the civilian [in this context]
Συχνό λάθος:
Learners may think this meaning is always about the military. In this informal use, "civilian" just means someone outside a professional or expert group, not necessarily outside the army or police.
Συνώνυμα
layperson (Neutral and slightly formal; the standard term for someone who is not an expert in a field.)
|
non-expert (Very clear and neutral, but more technical or descriptive than idiomatic.)
Αντώνυμα
expert (General opposite; someone with special knowledge or skill in the field.)
|
professional (Stresses that the person works in the field and has training, the opposite of an outside civilian in this sense.)
Συνδυασμοί λέξεων
to a civilian
|for a civilian
|explain it to a civilian
|looks strange to a civilian
Θέματα
communication
|work
|education
|core_vocabulary
Παραδείγματα
- To a civilian, this medical report is almost impossible to understand.
- The engineer tried to explain the problem in terms a civilian could follow.
- For a civilian, you know a surprising amount about criminal law.
- The instructions are so technical that no civilian could install the system alone.
- To most civilians, their computer systems just seem like magic.
Παραδείγματα για μαθητές
- To a civilian, this law text is hard to read.
- He explained the computer problem in words a civilian can understand.
- For a civilian, she knows a lot about airplanes.
- This report is too technical for a civilian like me.
- The doctor spoke slowly so a civilian could follow.
Ουσιαστικό
technical
C2
entity
4
scholar of civil (Roman) law
A legal expert who studies or works mainly with civil law based on old Roman law, not common law.
Μοτίβο χρήσης:
a/the civilian [wrote/argued]
Συχνό λάθος:
Learners may wrongly apply this rare technical sense to everyday situations. In modern general English, "civilian" almost always means a non-military person; this legal meaning appears mainly in historical or academic texts.
Συνώνυμα
civil-law scholar (Explicit and transparent description; more modern but less idiomatic as a single label.)
Αντώνυμα
common lawyer (A lawyer or scholar of common law, traditionally contrasted with civilians in legal history.)
Συνδυασμοί λέξεων
Roman civilian
|medieval civilian
|canonists and civilians
Θέματα
law
|academia
|education
Παραδείγματα
- As a distinguished civilian, he wrote several treatises on Roman law.
- Medieval civilians played a key role in developing European legal systems.
- The faculty included both canonists and civilians.
- Many civilians of the period trained at Italian universities.
- The ideas of the great civilians still influence modern legal codes.
Παραδείγματα για μαθητές
- The book was written by a famous civilian in the 17th century.
- Some civilians taught Roman law at the university.
- In history, civilians helped build modern civil law.
- Students of law sometimes read old texts by civilians.
- Civilians and canon lawyers worked in the same schools.
Γραμματική
Λημματική μορφή
civilian
IPA
GB/səvˈɪljən/
US/səvˈɪljən/
Συλλαβές και τόνος
ci - vil - ian (3 συλλαβές)
Stress on 2nd syllable (vil)
Τύποι λέξης
Adjective
- Base: civilian
Noun
- Base: civilian
- Plural: civilians
Οικογένεια λέξεων
Forms
civilians
noun
Core family
Negative and opposite forms
Advanced or less common
civilly
adverb
Εκφράσεις
as a civilian
1/ˈæz ə səvˈɪljən/
fixed phrase
in the role of a civilian
In the situation of being a person who is not in the army, police, or similar service.
Παραδείγματα
- He worked for the army for years, but now, as a civilian, he lives a quieter life.
- As a civilian, she had limited access to the base.
- Soon he will retire and start a new career as a civilian.
civilian casualties
1/səvˈɪljən kˈæʒuəltiz/
fixed phrase
non-military people killed or hurt
Civilians who are killed or injured in a war, attack, or accident.
Παραδείγματα
- The attack caused heavy civilian casualties in the border town.
- Human rights groups condemned the bombing for the number of civilian casualties.
- The report said efforts were made to limit civilian casualties.
civilian clothes
1/səvˈɪljən klˈoʊðz/
fixed phrase
ordinary clothes, not a uniform
Normal everyday clothes, not a military or police uniform, especially when worn by someone who usually wears a uniform.
Παραδείγματα
- The officer changed into civilian clothes before going home.
- Soldiers in civilian clothes guarded the entrance without being noticed.
- On weekends, the cadets are allowed to wear civilian clothes.
civilian government
1/səvˈɪljən ɡˈʌvɚnmənt/
fixed phrase
non-military government
A government run by ordinary (non-military) politicians, not by the army.
Παραδείγματα
- After the coup, the country slowly returned to civilian government.
- International pressure helped restore civilian government after years of military rule.
- The new constitution guarantees that the military must answer to a civilian government.
civilian life
1/səvˈɪljən lˈaɪf/
fixed phrase
life outside the military
Life as an ordinary person, not as a member of the army, navy, air force, or similar service.
Παραδείγματα
- He struggled to adapt to civilian life after leaving the army.
- Many veterans say civilian life feels very different from military life.
- After the war, she returned to civilian life and became a teacher.
civilian population
1/səvˈɪljən pˌɑpjəlˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
all civilians in an area
All the civilians who live in a place, spoken of as one group.
Παραδείγματα
- The civilian population was ordered to evacuate the region.
- Sanctions have had a serious impact on the civilian population.
- Aid organizations are trying to support the civilian population caught in the conflict.
return to civilian life
1/ɹɪtˈɚn tə səvˈɪljən lˈaɪf/
fixed phrase
become a civilian again
To stop being in the army or another uniformed service and start living as an ordinary person again.
Παραδείγματα
- Many soldiers find it hard to return to civilian life.
- After twenty years in the navy, he was nervous about returning to civilian life.
- Support programs help veterans return to civilian life.