deflation
gb/dɪflˈeɪʃən/ us/dɪflˈeɪʃən/
B2
انگلیسی
defláció, leeresztés, nyomásvesztés, megcsappanás, megingás
اسم
C1
BUSINESS
1
defláció
B2
الگوی کاربرد:
deflation in [an economy]; a period/risk of deflation
The central bank cut interest rates to prevent deflation.
A jegybank kamatot csökkentett, hogy megelőzze a deflációt.
Years of weak demand pushed the economy into deflation.
Az évekig tartó gyenge kereslet deflációba taszította a gazdaságot.
Deflation can make debts harder to repay because money becomes more valuable.
نمونههای زبانآموزی
During deflation, many prices go down.
Defláció idején sok ár csökken.
Deflation can be bad for people who owe money.
A defláció rossz lehet azoknak, akiknek adósságuk van.
اشتباه رایج:
Do not confuse deflation with disinflation: deflation means prices are falling overall; disinflation means prices are still rising but more slowly.
معنی
fall in overall prices
ترکیبهای رایج
persistent deflation
|mild deflation
|severe deflation
|price deflation
|wage deflation
|asset-price deflation
|debt deflation
|risk of deflation
|fear of deflation
|period of deflation
هممعنیها
falling prices (plainer and less technical; may refer to a whole economy or just some goods)
|
price decline (more general; can describe a specific market rather than the whole economy)
متضادها
inflation (a sustained rise in the general level of prices)
|
reflation (a return to rising prices, often encouraged by policy)
موضوعها
economics
|business
|money
|prices
تعریف
Deflation happens when prices across the economy go down, not just one or two items.
a sustained fall in the general level of prices in an economy, so that money buys more than before.
اسم
B2
2
leeresztés
B1
الگوی کاربرد:
deflation of [a tire/balloon/airbag]; tire deflation
The device detects sudden tire deflation and warns the driver.
A berendezés észleli az abroncs hirtelen nyomásvesztését, és figyelmezteti a vezetőt.
After the party, the slow deflation of the balloons left them lying on the floor.
A buli után a lufik lassan leeresztettek, és a padlón hevertek.
Controlled deflation of the life jacket is done by pressing the valve.
نمونههای زبانآموزی
The balloon's deflation was slow.
A léggömb lassan eresztett le.
The driver noticed tire deflation on the highway.
A sofőr az autópályán észrevette az abroncs nyomásvesztését.
اشتباه رایج:
In casual speech, people more often say a tire or balloon is deflated than say deflation.
معنی
loss of air or gas
ترکیبهای رایج
tire deflation
|balloon deflation
|rapid deflation
|slow deflation
|controlled deflation
|sudden deflation
|gradual deflation
|complete deflation
|deflation valve
|deflation warning
هممعنیها
air loss (plain everyday wording, especially for tires and inflatable objects)
|
depressurization (more technical; emphasizes loss of pressure)
متضادها
inflation (the act or process of filling something with air or gas)
|
pressurization (adding or maintaining pressure, especially in a technical context)
موضوعها
objects
|vehicles
|science
|daily_life
تعریف
Deflation is when air comes out of something and it becomes smaller, flatter, or softer.
the act or process of releasing or losing air or another gas from something, causing it to shrink, collapse, or lose pressure.
اسم
C1
FORMAL
3
megcsappanás
B2
megingás
B2
الگوی کاربرد:
deflation of [hopes/confidence/ego]; deflation in [mood/enthusiasm]
The missed penalty caused an immediate deflation of the crowd's excitement.
A kihagyott tizenegyes miatt a tömeg lelkesedése azonnal lelohadt.
After such strong early reviews, the poor opening weekend brought a sharp deflation of expectations.
Az ilyen erős korai kritikák után a gyenge nyitóhétvége élesen visszavetette a várakozásokat.
Her calm reply caused a visible deflation of his ego.
نمونههای زبانآموزی
The bad news caused a deflation of their hopes.
A rossz hír megcsappantotta a reményeiket.
He felt a deflation of confidence after the mistake.
A hiba után megingott az önbizalma.
اشتباه رایج:
The adjective deflated is much more common in everyday speech for a person who feels disappointed.
معنی
loss of confidence or excitement
ترکیبهای رایج
sudden deflation
|sharp deflation
|emotional deflation
|deflation of confidence
|deflation of hopes
|deflation of expectations
|deflation of pride
|deflation of the ego
|deflation of enthusiasm
|noticeable deflation
هممعنیها
disappointment (more common and direct; focuses on the unhappy feeling)
|
discouragement (emphasizes loss of motivation or hope)
متضادها
boost (an increase in confidence, mood, or energy)
|
encouragement (support that raises confidence or hope)
موضوعها
emotions
|communication
تعریف
A deflation of feelings is a drop from excitement or confidence to disappointment.
a reduction in someone's confidence, hopes, pride, or excitement, especially after disappointing news or an unexpected setback.
اسم
C2
TECHNICAL
4
defláció
C1
الگوی کاربرد:
wind deflation; deflation of [sediment/soil/sand]
Wind deflation created shallow hollows in the desert surface.
A széleredetű defláció sekély mélyedéseket alakított ki a sivatag felszínén.
The stony pavement remained after deflation removed the finer sand.
A köves sivatagi burkolat megmaradt, miután a defláció elfújta a finomabb homokot.
Researchers measured deflation of the dry lake bed during the windy season.
نمونههای زبانآموزی
Deflation can remove sand from a desert surface.
A defláció elsodorhatja a homokot a sivatag felszínéről.
اشتباه رایج:
This technical use is unrelated to lower prices or disappointed feelings.
معنی
wind removal of loose sediment
ترکیبهای رایج
wind deflation
|aeolian deflation
|eolian deflation
|desert deflation
|deflation hollow
|deflation basin
|deflation surface
|deflation pavement
|sediment deflation
|soil deflation
هممعنیها
wind erosion (broader and more familiar; includes other ways wind wears away land)
|
aeolian erosion (technical term for erosion caused by wind)
متضادها
deposition (the laying down or accumulation of sediment)
|
sedimentation (the process of particles settling and building up)
موضوعها
geology
|environment
|deserts
|science
تعریف
In geology, deflation is wind blowing away loose soil or sand.
in geology, the removal of loose sand, soil, or other fine particles from a surface by wind.
دستور زبان
صورت پایه
deflation
IPA
GB/dɪflˈeɪʃən/
US/dɪflˈeɪʃən/
هجاها و تکیه
de - fla - tion (۳ هجا)
Stress on 2nd syllable (fla)
صورتهای واژه
Noun
- Base: deflation
- Plural: deflation, deflations
عبارتها
asset-price deflation
1/ˈæsˌɛt pɹˈaɪs dɪflˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
business
falling asset values
Asset-price deflation is when investments like homes or stocks lose value across a market.
نمونهها
- The housing crash led to severe asset-price deflation.
- Asset-price deflation reduced household wealth and made consumers more cautious.
- Analysts worried that falling share prices could turn into broader asset-price deflation.
نمونههای زبانآموزی
- Asset-price deflation made homes cheaper.
debt deflation
1/dˈɛt dɪflˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
technical
falling prices worsen debt
Debt deflation happens when falling prices make existing debts harder to repay.
نمونهها
- The financial crisis raised fears of debt deflation.
- Debt deflation can force households and businesses to sell assets at falling prices.
- Some economists argue that debt deflation made the downturn longer and more severe.
نمونههای زبانآموزی
- Debt deflation makes loans harder to pay back.
deflationary pressure
1/dɪflˈeɪʃənˌɛɹi pɹˈɛʃɚ/
fixed phrase
business
forces pushing prices down
Deflationary pressure means something in the economy is pushing prices down.
نمونهها
- Lower energy costs added deflationary pressure to the economy.
- Weak consumer demand created deflationary pressures in the retail sector.
- The central bank said it was watching for signs of deflationary pressure.
نمونههای زبانآموزی
- Cheap imports can create deflationary pressure.
deflationary spiral
1/dɪflˈeɪʃənˌɛɹi spˈaɪɹəl/
fixed phrase
business
self-reinforcing price decline
A deflationary spiral is when falling prices make the economy weaker and prices keep falling.
نمونهها
- Policymakers acted quickly to stop the recession from becoming a deflationary spiral.
- Consumers delayed purchases because they expected lower prices, increasing the risk of a deflationary spiral.
- A deflationary spiral can be difficult to reverse once wages and spending start to fall.
نمونههای زبانآموزی
- The government wanted to avoid a deflationary spiral.
grade deflation
1/ɡɹˈeɪd dɪflˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
stricter grading and lower marks
Grade deflation means students receive lower grades because standards or grading are stricter.
نمونهها
- Students complained that grade deflation in the department hurt their graduate-school applications.
- The policy was meant to fight grade inflation, but critics said it created grade deflation.
- Some universities publish grading data to show whether grade deflation is a real problem.
نمونههای زبانآموزی
- Grade deflation made it harder to get an A.
wage deflation
1/wˈeɪd͡ʒ dɪflˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
business
falling pay levels
Wage deflation means pay levels are going down.
نمونهها
- High unemployment created wage deflation in parts of the service sector.
- The company avoided layoffs, but workers faced wage deflation through pay cuts and fewer paid hours.
- Economists warned that wage deflation would reduce consumer spending.
نمونههای زبانآموزی
- Wage deflation means workers earn less.