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انگلیسی - مجاری

lobbying

gb/lˈɑbiɪŋ/ us/lˈɑbiɪŋ/
B2 انگلیسی
lobbizás, lobbytevékenység, lobbizik, lobbiszakma, lobbiszektor
اسم B2
1
lobbizás C1
lobbytevékenység C1
الگوی کاربرد:
lobbying by [someone]; lobbying for/against [something]; lobbying on behalf of [someone]
The bill passed after months of lobbying by environmental groups.
A törvényjavaslat azután ment át, hogy a környezetvédő csoportok hónapokon át lobbiztak mellette.
The company spent millions on lobbying in Washington.
A vállalat milliókat költött Washingtonban folytatott lobbizásra.
New rules require more transparency around lobbying and political donations.
نمونه‌های زبان‌آموزی
Lobbying can change laws.
A lobbizás megváltoztathatja a törvényeket.
Many groups spend money on lobbying.
Sok csoport költ pénzt lobbizásra.
اشتباه رایج:
Lobbying is usually uncountable: say “lobbying” or “a lobbying campaign,” not “a lobbying.” It does not necessarily mean bribery.
معنی
influencing political decisions
ترکیب‌های رایج
political lobbying |corporate lobbying |intense lobbying |heavy lobbying |lobbying efforts |lobbying campaign |lobbying group |lobbying firm |lobbying rules |lobbying ban
هم‌معنی‌ها
advocacy (Broader; can include public support and campaigning, not only influencing officials.) | pressure campaign (Often sounds more forceful or critical.) | influence campaign (Broader; may target public opinion as well as decision-makers.)
موضوع‌ها
politics |government |law |business |public_policy
تعریف

Lobbying is trying to persuade people in power, especially government officials, to make the decision you want.

The organized activity of trying to influence politicians, government officials, or other decision-makers, especially about laws, regulations, or public policy.

فعل B2
2
lobbizik C1
الگوی کاربرد:
[someone] is lobbying [someone] for/against [something]; [someone] is lobbying to [do something]
Parents are lobbying the council for safer crossings near the school.
A szülők a tanácsnál lobbiznak biztonságosabb átkelőhelyekért az iskola közelében.
The industry has been lobbying against stricter emissions limits.
Az iparág szigorúbb kibocsátási határértékek ellen lobbizik.
She is lobbying to get the policy changed before the vote.
نمونه‌های زبان‌آموزی
Students are lobbying for longer library hours.
A diákok hosszabb könyvtári nyitvatartásért lobbiznak.
Farmers are lobbying the government for help.
A gazdák segítségért lobbiznak a kormánynál.
اشتباه رایج:
Use “for” when you support something and “against” when you oppose it: “lobbying for reform,” “lobbying against the bill.” You can also lobby the person you are trying to persuade: “lobby lawmakers.”
معنی
trying to influence authorities
ترکیب‌های رایج
lobby hard |lobby actively |lobby Congress |lobby the government |lobby lawmakers |lobby ministers |lobby for change |lobby against a proposal |lobby to change the law |lobby on behalf of clients
هم‌معنی‌ها
campaign (Often more public and sustained; less specifically directed at officials.) | advocate (Emphasizes supporting a cause or idea.) | press (Means to urge strongly, often with more pressure.)
موضوع‌ها
politics |government |business |workplace |advocacy
تعریف

If you are lobbying for something, you are trying to persuade people in power to agree to it.

The present participle of lobby: trying to persuade a person or organization in authority to support, oppose, or change something.

اسم B2 BUSINESS
3
lobbiszakma C1
lobbiszektor C1
الگوی کاربرد:
work in lobbying; go into lobbying; a career in lobbying
After leaving politics, she built a career in lobbying.
Miután kiszállt a politikából, a lobbiszakmában épített karriert.
Several former officials now work in lobbying and government relations.
Több volt tisztviselő ma már a lobbiszektorban és a kormányzati kapcsolatok területén dolgozik.
The report examines the growth of the lobbying industry.
نمونه‌های زبان‌آموزی
His new job is in lobbying.
Az új állása a lobbiszakmában van.
She wants a career in lobbying.
A lobbiszakmában szeretne karriert építeni.
اشتباه رایج:
Do not use “lobby” for the person; the person is a “lobbyist.” In “He works in lobbying,” lobbying is a field of work, not a place in a building.
معنی
political influence profession
ترکیب‌های رایج
work in lobbying |go into lobbying |a career in lobbying |the lobbying industry |paid lobbying |professional lobbying |lobbying work |lobbying job |lobbying career |the world of lobbying
هم‌معنی‌ها
government relations (Common business label, often softer or more formal than lobbying.) | public affairs (Broader; includes communications and policy work, not only lobbying.) | advocacy (Broader and may be unpaid or nonprofit.)
موضوع‌ها
politics |government |business |careers
تعریف

Lobbying can mean paid work where people try to influence government decisions for clients or organizations.

The profession, business, or industry of working as a lobbyist, especially for companies, interest groups, or charities.

دستور زبان
صورت پایه
lobbying
IPA
GB/lˈɑbiɪŋ/
US/lˈɑbiɪŋ/
هجاها و تکیه
lob - by - ing (۳ هجا)
Stress on 1st syllable (lob)
صورت‌های واژه
Noun
  • Base: lobbying
  • Plural: lobbying, lobbyings
عبارت‌ها

direct lobbying

1
/dɪɹˈɛkt lˈɑbiɪŋ/
fixed phrase technical

direct contact with officials

Lobbying by speaking or writing directly to the officials who make decisions.

نمونه‌ها
  • Direct lobbying included meetings with ministers and written comments on the bill.
  • Charities must report direct lobbying separately from other campaign activity.
  • The company increased its direct lobbying after the proposal reached committee.
نمونه‌های زبان‌آموزی
  • Direct lobbying means contacting officials yourself.
  • The group used direct lobbying before the vote.

grassroots lobbying

1
/ɡɹˈæsɹˈuts lˈɑbiɪŋ/
fixed phrase

citizen-based lobbying

Lobbying that uses ordinary people, not just professional lobbyists, to persuade leaders.

نمونه‌ها
  • The organization used grassroots lobbying, asking members to call their representatives.
  • Grassroots lobbying helped turn a local issue into a national debate.
  • The campaign combined social media outreach with grassroots lobbying.
نمونه‌های زبان‌آموزی
  • Grassroots lobbying asks ordinary people to contact leaders.
  • The group used grassroots lobbying to support the bill.

lobbying ban

1
/lˈɑbiɪŋ bˈæn/
fixed phrase legal

rule against lobbying

A rule that stops someone from lobbying.

نمونه‌ها
  • The former minister faced a two-year lobbying ban after leaving office.
  • Several cities introduced a lobbying ban for companies bidding on public contracts.
  • The ethics committee said the adviser had violated the lobbying ban.
نمونه‌های زبان‌آموزی
  • The lobbying ban stops him from lobbying for two years.
  • The city created a new lobbying ban.

lobbying campaign

1
/lˈɑbiɪŋ kæmpˈeɪn/
fixed phrase

organized influence effort

A planned effort to persuade decision-makers about a law or policy.

نمونه‌ها
  • Environmental charities launched a lobbying campaign to protect the river.
  • The measure failed despite a well-funded lobbying campaign.
  • The union ran a lobbying campaign for better safety standards.
نمونه‌های زبان‌آموزی
  • They started a lobbying campaign for the new school.
  • The lobbying campaign lasted six months.

lobbying disclosure

1
/lˈɑbiɪŋ dɪsklˈoʊʒɚ/
fixed phrase legal

reporting lobbying activity

Information that shows who is lobbying, what they are lobbying about, and sometimes how much money they spend.

نمونه‌ها
  • The law requires lobbying disclosure for anyone paid to influence federal legislation.
  • Journalists used lobbying disclosure records to identify the company's clients.
  • The reform package includes stricter lobbying disclosure rules.
نمونه‌های زبان‌آموزی
  • Lobbying disclosure shows who paid for lobbying.
  • The forms are part of lobbying disclosure.

lobbying firm

1
/lˈɑbiɪŋ fˈɚm/
fixed phrase business

paid lobbying business

A company that is paid to persuade government officials for its clients.

نمونه‌ها
  • The airline hired a lobbying firm to argue against the new tax.
  • He registered as a consultant for a Washington lobbying firm.
  • Several lobbying firms reported record revenue last year.
نمونه‌های زبان‌آموزی
  • The company paid a lobbying firm.
  • She works for a lobbying firm.

lobbying group

1
/lˈɑbiɪŋ ɡɹˈup/
fixed phrase

organization influencing policy

A group that tries to persuade the government about an issue.

نمونه‌ها
  • The lobbying group represents small technology companies.
  • A health lobbying group is pushing for stricter rules on tobacco ads.
  • The senator met representatives from several lobbying groups before the vote.
نمونه‌های زبان‌آموزی
  • A lobbying group spoke to the mayor.
  • The lobbying group wants a new law.
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