to
gb/tə/ us/tə/
A1
انگلیسی
معنیها
۰ معنی
particle
A1
rule
1
marks the infinitive verb form
Use to before a verb: to go, to eat, to study.
الگوی کاربرد:
to + [base verb]
اشتباه رایج:
Leaving out to after verbs like want/need/plan, or adding to after modal verbs (e.g., *can to go). Also confusing to with too/two in spelling.
ترکیبهای رایج
want to
|need to
|like to
|try to
|plan to
|decide to
|to be
|to do
|to get
|to make
موضوعها
grammar
نمونهها
- I need to call you later.
- They decided to stay home.
- It’s hard to focus when you’re tired.
نمونههای زبانآموزی
- I want to learn English.
- We need to go now.
preposition
A1
relation
2
toward a place or destination
Use to for where someone or something goes.
الگوی کاربرد:
[go/come/travel/drive] to [place]
اشتباه رایج:
Using to with home incorrectly (*go to home); usually say go home (no to).
هممعنیها
toward (Often emphasizes direction rather than arrival.)
متضادها
from (Marks the starting point rather than the destination.)
ترکیبهای رایج
go to school
|go to work
|come to me
|drive to the airport
|walk to the station
|move to a new city
|return to
|head to
|get to
|take [something] to [place]
موضوعها
travel
|daily_life
نمونهها
- We went to the museum on Saturday.
- Can you take this box to the car?
- She ran to the door.
نمونههای زبانآموزی
- I go to school by bus.
- Please come to my house.
preposition
A1
relation
3
toward a person as receiver
Use to for the person who gets something or who you speak to.
الگوی کاربرد:
[give/send/show/say] [something] to [someone]
اشتباه رایج:
Mixing up to and for (give it to her = she receives it; do it for her = it helps her).
ترکیبهای رایج
talk to
|speak to
|listen to
|say to
|explain to
|give to
|send to
|write to
|show to
|lend to
موضوعها
communication
|social
نمونهها
- I sent the photos to my mom.
- Please explain the rules to me again.
- He apologized to his teacher.
نمونههای زبانآموزی
- I gave the key to Sara.
- She talked to her friend.
preposition
A2
relation
4
marks the end of a range
Use to for the ending point in a range.
الگوی کاربرد:
from [start] to [end] | [start] to [end]
اشتباه رایج:
Using until when a start point is given (from Monday to Friday, not *from Monday until Friday in many contexts).
هممعنیها
until (Common when only an end time is mentioned (wait until Friday).)
متضادها
from (Marks the beginning of the range.)
ترکیبهای رایج
from A to B
|from Monday to Friday
|from 9 to 5
|from 0 to 10
|from start to finish
|range from ... to ...
|up to (maximum)
|open 10 to 6
|ages 18 to 25
|pages 10 to 20
موضوعها
time
|numbers
نمونهها
- The shop is open from 10 to 6.
- The temperature dropped from 12 to 3 degrees.
- Read pages 15 to 30 before class.
نمونههای زبانآموزی
- I work from 9 to 5.
- The numbers go from 1 to 10.
preposition
A2
relation
5
minutes before a stated hour
Ten to five = 4:50.
الگوی کاربرد:
[minutes] to [hour]
اشتباه رایج:
Confusing to and past (ten to five is 4:50; ten past five is 5:10).
ترکیبهای رایج
five to
|ten to
|a quarter to
|twenty to
|three minutes to
موضوعها
time
|daily_life
نمونهها
- It’s ten to five—let’s leave now.
- At a quarter to eight, the meeting started.
- The train arrives at five to noon.
نمونههای زبانآموزی
- It is five to six.
- It is a quarter to three.
preposition
B1
relation
6
in relation or response to
Use to to show how one thing is connected to another.
الگوی کاربرد:
[noun] to [noun/pronoun]
اشتباه رایج:
Overusing of instead of to after certain nouns (solution to a problem, not *solution of a problem).
هممعنیها
regarding (Works mainly with topics (regarding the plan), not with many fixed noun patterns (solution to).)
ترکیبهای رایج
solution to
|answer to
|reaction to
|response to
|access to
|damage to
|risk to
|threat to
|key to
|reference to
موضوعها
communication
|work
|daily_life
نمونهها
- We need a solution to this problem.
- Her reaction to the news surprised me.
- The storm caused damage to the roof.
نمونههای زبانآموزی
- I don’t know the answer to this question.
- This is the key to the door.
preposition
B1
relation
7
expresses a ratio or comparison
Three to one = 3:1.
الگوی کاربرد:
[number] to [number]
اشتباه رایج:
Confusing a ratio (three to one) with subtraction or with percentages.
ترکیبهای رایج
two to one
|three to one
|odds of ... to ...
|a ratio of ... to ...
|won ... to ...
|lost ... to ...
موضوعها
numbers
|sports
نمونهها
- They won the game 3 to 1.
- The vote was 62 to 38 in favor of the proposal.
- The ratio of sugar to flour matters in this recipe.
نمونههای زبانآموزی
- The score was 2 to 0.
- Mix water to rice in a 2 to 1 ratio.
preposition
B2
process
8
reaching a particular final state
Use to to show the final result (to a stop, to a boil).
الگوی کاربرد:
[verb] to + [result/state]
اشتباه رایج:
Using into in fixed patterns where English prefers to (come to a stop, not *come into a stop).
ترکیبهای رایج
come to a stop
|bring to a close
|bring to a boil
|reduce to
|cut to size
|drive to distraction
|tear to pieces
|beat to death
|polish to a shine
|work to completion
موضوعها
daily_life
|cooking
نمونهها
- Bring the soup to a boil, then lower the heat.
- The bus came to a stop outside the station.
- They cut the paper to the right size.
نمونههای زبانآموزی
- The car came to a stop.
- Bring the water to a boil.
دستور زبان
صورت پایه
to
IPA
GB/tə/
US/tə/
هجاها و تکیه
to (۱ هجا)
صورتهای واژه
Noun
- Base: to
- Plural: tos
عبارتها
to and fro
1/tə ˈænd fɹˈoʊ/
idiom
back and forth
To and fro means “back and forth.”
نمونهها
- People were rushing to and fro in the station.
- The boat rocked to and fro on the water.
- After days of emails back and forth—messages to and fro—we finally agreed.
to be fair
1/tə bˈi fˈɛɹ/
fixed phrase
said to acknowledge another side
Use this before a balanced or kind comment.
نمونهها
- To be fair, he did warn us it might take longer.
- She was upset, but to be fair, we were late.
- To be fair, the instructions weren’t very clear.
to be honest
1/tə bˈi ˈɑnɪst/
fixed phrase
Introducing a truthful statement
Used before saying what you really think or feel.
نمونهها
- To be honest, I don't like this movie much.
- To be honest, I was surprised by the result.
to be honest
1/tə bˈi ˈɑnɪst/
fixed phrase
said to be frank
Use this to say your true opinion.
نمونهها
- To be honest, I don’t really like this movie.
- I’m tired, to be honest.
- To be honest, I forgot about the meeting.
to be honest
2/tə bˈi ˈɑnɪst/
fixed phrase
introducing a frank statement
used before you say something that is true, especially if it may be surprising, very direct, or not polite.
نمونهها
- To be honest, I don't really like this restaurant.
- It wasn't a great game, to be honest.
- To be honest, I was scared when the plane started to shake.
to be honest
3/tə bˈi ˈɑnɪst/
fixed phrase
introducing a truthful statement
Used before saying something that is true, even if it may be surprising or not what someone wants to hear.
نمونهها
- To be honest, I didn’t enjoy the party.
- I was a bit nervous, to be honest.
to date
1/tə dˈeɪt/
fixed phrase
until now
To date means “until now.”
نمونهها
- To date, we’ve had no complaints.
- This is her best performance to date.
- No one has solved the issue to date.
to go
1/tə ɡˈoʊ/
fixed phrase
for takeout; not eaten here
If you order coffee to go, you take it with you.
نمونهها
- Can I get a latte to go, please?
- We ordered two burgers to go.
- This place does breakfast to go.
to the best of my knowledge
1/tə ðə bˈɛst əv mˈaɪ nˈɑlɪd͡ʒ/
fixed phrase
as far as I know
Used to say that you think something is true based on what you know, but you are not completely sure.
نمونهها
- To the best of my knowledge, the meeting starts at 3 p.m.
- To the best of my knowledge, she still lives in New York.
to the best of my knowledge
1/tə ðə bˈɛst əv mˈaɪ nˈɑlɪd͡ʒ/
fixed phrase
formal
as far as I know
Use this to say something is true based on what you know.
نمونهها
- To the best of my knowledge, the files were sent yesterday.
- To the best of my knowledge, no one has reported a problem.
- To the best of my knowledge, he isn’t working there anymore.
to the point
1/tə ðə pˈɔɪnt/
fixed phrase
direct and relevant
If you are to the point, you speak directly.
نمونهها
- Please keep your answer to the point.
- Her emails are always brief and to the point.
- He got straight to the point and asked for help.
up to
1/ˈʌp tə/
fixed phrase
someone’s responsibility or decision
If it’s up to you, you decide.
نمونهها
- It’s up to you whether we leave now or later.
- It’s up to the manager to approve the budget.
- The final decision is up to them.