gall
gb/ɡˈɔl/ us/ɡˈɔl/
B2
Englanti
pofátlanság, szemtelenség, bosszant, bánt, epe, feltörés, kidörzsöl, feltör, gubacs, epésség
SUBSTANTIIVI
B2
INFORMAL
1
pofátlanság
B2
szemtelenség
B2
Käyttömalli:
(the) gall (to do [something])
He had the gall to complain about the service after arriving an hour late.
Volt pofája panaszkodni a kiszolgálás miatt, miután egy órát késett.
The gall of that man—he cut in line and acted like it was normal.
Micsoda pofátlanság attól a férfitól: befurakodott a sorba, és úgy tett, mintha ez teljesen normális lenne.
I can’t believe the gall it takes to ask for money after what happened.
Oppijaesimerkit
She had the gall to lie to me.
Volt pofája hazudni nekem.
That takes a lot of gall.
Ehhez aztán nagy pofátlanság kell.
Tyypillinen virhe:
Learners may confuse this with the medical meaning (bile). In this sense, it usually appears as 'the gall' or 'have the gall'.
Merkitys
rude boldness; nerve
Kollokaatiot
the sheer gall
|have the gall
|the gall to say
|the gall to ask
|what a gall
|the nerve
|unbelievable gall
Synonyymit
nerve (Very common and casual.)
|
audacity (Slightly more formal.)
|
cheek (Common in British English.)
Antonyymit
humility (Lack of arrogance or bold rudeness.)
|
modesty (Not pushing yourself forward.)
Teemat
emotions
|social_interaction
Määritelmä
When someone has the gall, they are rude and too confident.
Rude or shocking boldness in what someone says or does; impudent audacity.
VERBI
C1
2
Käyttömalli:
It galls [someone] (that [clause])
It galls me that she took credit for my work.
Bosszant, hogy a sajátjának tüntette fel a munkámat.
It galled him to be treated like a beginner.
Bántotta, hogy úgy bántak vele, mintha kezdő lenne.
What galls me most is that they never apologized.
Oppijaesimerkit
It galls me when people are rude.
Bosszant, amikor az emberek udvariatlanok.
Tyypillinen virhe:
This verb is often used with 'it' as the subject: 'It galls me that...'.
Merkitys
make someone feel angry
Kollokaatiot
it galls me
|galls him to
|galls her that
|galls them deeply
|galls someone to think
Synonyymit
annoy (More general and common.)
|
irritate (Often suggests repeated or strong annoyance.)
|
offend (Focuses on feeling insulted.)
Antonyymit
please (To give satisfaction rather than anger.)
|
delight (Stronger positive feeling.)
Teemat
emotions
|conflict
Määritelmä
If something galls you, it makes you angry or upset.
To annoy, offend, or upset someone, especially because something seems unfair or insulting.
SUBSTANTIIVI
B2
TECHNICAL
3
epe
B2
Käyttömalli:
[someone] produces gall
The liver produces gall to help break down fats.
A máj epét termel, amely segít lebontani a zsírokat.
Problems with gall flow can affect digestion.
Az epeáramlás zavarai befolyásolhatják az emésztést.
Oppijaesimerkit
The gall helps the body digest food.
Az epe segít a szervezetnek megemészteni az ételt.
Tyypillinen virhe:
Often confused with 'gallbladder' (the organ) and 'gallstone' (a hard stone).
Merkitys
bitter digestive fluid
Kollokaatiot
bile and gall
|secrete gall
|gall secretion
|gall salts
Synonyymit
bile (The more common everyday term.)
Teemat
health
|body
|medicine
Määritelmä
Gall is a bitter liquid in the body that helps digest food.
A bitter fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, used in digestion.
SUBSTANTIIVI
C1
TECHNICAL
4
feltörés
B2
Käyttömalli:
a gall on [body_part]
The saddle left a painful gall on the horse’s back.
A nyereg fájdalmas feltörést okozott a ló hátán.
After the long hike, he had a gall on his heel where his boot rubbed.
A hosszú túra után kidörzsölődött a sarka ott, ahol a csizma dörzsölte.
Oppijaesimerkit
My shoes gave me a gall on my foot.
A cipőm feltörte a lábamat.
Tyypillinen virhe:
This is not the same as a blister, though they can look similar; a gall is linked to chafing/rubbing.
Merkitys
sore spot from rubbing
Kollokaatiot
saddle gall
|a gall on the heel
|a gall on the neck
|rubbed into a gall
Synonyymit
chafing sore (Explains the cause directly.)
|
raw spot (More general and less technical.)
Teemat
health
|daily_life
|sports
Määritelmä
A gall is a sore on the skin caused by rubbing.
A sore place on the skin caused by rubbing, especially from clothing, a saddle, or repeated friction.
VERBI
C1
5
Käyttömalli:
[something] galls [someone]'s [body_part]
The seam galled her skin all day.
A varrás egész nap kidörzsölte a bőrét.
His backpack straps galled his shoulders on the climb.
A mászás közben a hátizsák pántjai kidörzsölték a vállát.
Oppijaesimerkit
These socks gall my ankle.
Ezek a zoknik kidörzsölik a bokámat.
Tyypillinen virhe:
Don’t confuse this physical meaning with 'It galls me' (= it annoys me). Context usually makes it clear.
Merkitys
rub and make skin sore
Kollokaatiot
shoes gall my feet
|a collar galled his neck
|gall the skin
|galls badly
Synonyymit
chafe (More common for skin rubbing.)
|
rub raw (More informal and descriptive.)
Antonyymit
soothe (To reduce pain or irritation instead of causing it.)
Teemat
health
|daily_life
Määritelmä
If something galls you, it rubs your skin and makes it sore.
To rub against the skin repeatedly and cause soreness.
SUBSTANTIIVI
C1
TECHNICAL
6
gubacs
C1
Käyttömalli:
a gall on [plant]
The oak leaves were covered in small, round galls.
A tölgy leveleit apró, kerek gubacsok borították.
Scientists studied the insect that causes the gall to form.
A tudósok azt a rovart vizsgálták, amely a gubacs kialakulását okozza.
Oppijaesimerkit
I saw galls on the leaves.
Gubacsokat láttam a leveleken.
Tyypillinen virhe:
This meaning is unrelated to 'the gall' (= nerve).
Merkitys
swelling on a plant
Kollokaatiot
oak gall
|leaf gall
|insect gall
|gall formation
|galls on leaves
Synonyymit
plant swelling (Plain descriptive wording.)
Teemat
nature
|plants
|science
Määritelmä
A gall is a lump that grows on a plant, often because of an insect.
An abnormal swelling or growth on a plant, often caused by an insect or other parasite.
SUBSTANTIIVI
C2
LITERARY
7
epésség
C1
Käyttömalli:
filled with gall; speak with gall
His letter was full of gall and accusation.
Levele tele volt epésséggel és vádaskodással.
She spoke with gall about the people who had betrayed her.
Epésséggel beszélt azokról, akik elárulták.
Tyypillinen virhe:
This is much less common in everyday speech than 'anger' or 'resentment'.
Merkitys
bitter resentment
Kollokaatiot
filled with gall
|pour out gall
|speak with gall
|bitter gall
Synonyymit
resentment (More common in modern English.)
|
bitterness (Focuses on a harsh, lasting feeling.)
Antonyymit
goodwill (A friendly, kind attitude rather than bitterness.)
Teemat
emotions
|communication
Määritelmä
Gall can mean bitter anger or resentment.
A feeling of bitter anger or resentment, especially when expressed in speech or writing.
Kielioppi
Sanakirjamuoto
gall
IPA
GB/ɡˈɔl/
US/ɡˈɔl/
Tavut ja painotus
gall (1 tavu)
Stress on 1st syllable (gall)
Taivutusmuodot
Noun
- Base: gall
- Plural: gall, galls
Verb
- Base: gall
- 3rd Person Singular: galls
- Present Participle: galling
- Past: galled
Sanaperhe
Forms
galls
noun
galling
verb
galled
verb
Related words
gallbladder
noun
gallstone
noun C1
Ilmaukset
gall and wormwood
1/ɡˈɔl ˈænd wˈɚmwˌʊd/
fixed phrase
literary
extreme bitterness or misery
Something that feels very bitter and painful.
Esimerkit
- The memory of that defeat was gall and wormwood to him.
- For her, the whole episode was gall and wormwood.
gall bladder
1/ɡˈɔl blˈædɚ/
fixed phrase
technical
organ that stores bile
The gall bladder is a small organ that stores bile.
Esimerkit
- She had surgery to remove her gall bladder.
- The gall bladder releases bile after you eat fatty food.
Oppijaesimerkit
- The doctor checked my gall bladder.
gallstone
1/ɡˈɔlstˌoʊn/
fixed phrase
technical
hard stone in gallbladder
A gallstone is a small hard stone that forms in the gallbladder.
Esimerkit
- He went to the hospital with severe pain caused by a gallstone.
- An ultrasound showed several gallstones.
have the gall (to do something)
1/hˈæv ðə ɡˈɔl tə dˈu sˈʌmθɪŋ/
idiom
informal
be rude enough to do
To do something even though it is very rude.
Esimerkit
- She had the gall to tell me to calm down after she started the argument.
- He has the gall to call himself a team player.
- They had the gall to raise prices while cutting service.
Oppijaesimerkit
- He had the gall to blame me.
the gall of it!
1/ðə ɡˈɔl əv ˈɪt ‖/
fixed phrase
informal
exclamation of rude nerve
You say this when someone is very rude.
Esimerkit
- The gall of it—he borrowed my car and returned it with an empty tank!
- The gall of that politician, pretending nothing happened.