refusal
gb/ɹɪfjˈuzəl/ us/ɹɪfjˈuzəl/
B1
Englanti
~ 5100
Merkitykset
0 merkitystä
Substantiivi
B1
action
1
act of saying no
The act of not accepting or not agreeing to something that someone asks or offers.
Käyttömalli:
[someone]'s refusal to [verb]
Tyypillinen virhe:
Learners sometimes confuse the noun 'refusal' with the verb 'refuse'. Use 'refusal' with a determiner (e.g., 'his refusal', 'the refusal') and often with 'to' + verb: 'her refusal to go'. Do not say *'his refuse to go' or *'he made a refuse'. Also note the preposition: 'refusal of an offer', not *'refusal for an offer'.
Synonyymit
rejection (Often used for offers or proposals that are not accepted; slightly more general and common than 'refusal' in some contexts.)
|
denial (Emphasizes saying no to a request or claim; can sound slightly stronger or more emotional depending on context.)
Antonyymit
acceptance (Direct opposite, focuses on agreeing to or taking something that is offered or requested.)
|
agreement (Opposite in the sense of saying yes to a proposal or request.)
Kollokaatiot
firm refusal
|flat refusal
|polite refusal
|refusal to cooperate
|refusal to pay
|refusal of an offer
Teemat
daily life
|emotions
|communication
|core_vocabulary
Esimerkit
- Her refusal to apologize made the argument even worse.
- The company’s refusal to raise wages led to a strike.
- He met my invitation with a polite refusal.
- Their refusal to answer questions angered the reporters.
- Despite several offers, her refusal to sell the house never changed.
Oppijaesimerkit
- His refusal to help surprised me.
- I was hurt by her refusal to come to my party.
- The teacher’s refusal to change the grade made the student upset.
- Our request for more time got a clear refusal.
- Their refusal to talk ended the meeting.
Substantiivi
formal
B2
event
2
official decision to deny
A formal decision from an authority that says you cannot have what you asked for.
Käyttömalli:
refusal of [something]
Tyypillinen virhe:
Learners may forget the preposition and say *'refusal for a visa' instead of 'refusal of a visa'. In official written English, 'refusal of' is much more natural than *'refusal to' before a noun: write 'refusal of planning permission', not *'refusal to planning permission'.
Synonyymit
rejection (Very close in meaning; often used for applications, proposals, and official requests in the same way as 'refusal'.)
|
denial (Common in official contexts such as 'denial of entry' or 'denial of benefits'; can sound slightly more bureaucratic or legal.)
Antonyymit
approval (Opposite in official contexts, where a request or application is accepted rather than refused.)
|
granting (Opposite in the sense of officially giving something that was requested.)
Kollokaatiot
visa refusal
|refusal of entry
|refusal of permission
|refusal of planning permission
|refusal of an application
|refusal of a visa
Teemat
law
|business
|government
Esimerkit
- The embassy explained that the visa refusal was based on incomplete documents.
- Following the refusal of planning permission, the developers had to redesign the project.
- He appealed the refusal of his application for disability benefits.
- Refusal of entry at the border can result in immediate return to your home country.
- The sudden refusal of credit left the small business in serious trouble.
Oppijaesimerkit
- We got a refusal of our visa application.
- The bank’s refusal of the loan was a big problem for them.
- After the refusal of permission, they could not build the new house.
- The company wrote to explain its refusal of my job application.
- The refusal of entry at the airport surprised the traveler.
Substantiivi
technical
C1
event
3
horse stopping at a jump
In horse jumping, a time when a horse stops and does not jump over the fence or obstacle.
Käyttömalli:
a refusal at [a jump/fence]
Synonyymit
stop (A general word; in equestrian contexts it may be used informally for what is technically called a 'refusal'.)
Antonyymit
clear (In show jumping, a 'clear' or 'clear round' is the opposite outcome, with the horse jumping all obstacles without refusals.)
Kollokaatiot
a refusal at the fence
|eliminated for refusal
|first refusal
|second refusal
|penalty for refusal
Teemat
sports
Esimerkit
- The horse had a refusal at the last fence and the rider fell.
- A second refusal at the same jump will result in elimination.
- Her otherwise perfect round was ruined by a surprise refusal.
- The video shows the cause of the refusal: the horse never saw the fence clearly.
- They practiced small jumps to rebuild the horse’s confidence after the refusal.
Oppijaesimerkit
- The horse made a refusal at the big jump.
- After one refusal, the rider tried the fence again.
- A second refusal in the ring can end the round.
- The trainer talked about why the refusal happened.
- The horse had no refusal in the next show.
Kielioppi
Sanakirjamuoto
refusal
IPA
GB/ɹɪfjˈuzəl/
US/ɹɪfjˈuzəl/
Tavut ja painotus
re - fus - al (3 tavua)
Stress on 2nd syllable (fus)
Taivutusmuodot
Noun
- Base: refusal
- Plural: refusal, refusals
Sanaperhe
Ilmaukset
firm refusal
1/fˈɚm ɹɪfjˈuzəl/
fixed phrase
steady, unchanging refusal
A refusal that is clear and not soft, and that will probably not change.
Esimerkit
- Despite pressure from the media, the minister maintained a firm refusal to comment.
- We received a firm refusal from the landlord about keeping pets.
- Her firm refusal to lie earned her colleagues’ respect.
flat refusal
1/flˈæt ɹɪfjˈuzəl/
fixed phrase
very clear, definite no
A very clear and strong 'no', with no chance of change or discussion.
Esimerkit
- My request for extra time met with a flat refusal.
- She gave him a flat refusal when he asked for more money.
- The committee issued a flat refusal to reopen the case.
point-blank refusal
1/pˈɔɪnt blˈæŋk ɹɪfjˈuzəl/
fixed phrase
sudden very direct refusal
A refusal that is very direct and sometimes rude, with no soft words around it.
Esimerkit
- His request for a promotion got a point-blank refusal.
- She gave him a point-blank refusal when he asked to borrow the car.
- The mayor issued a point-blank refusal to consider the proposal.
right of first refusal
1/ɹˈaɪt əv fˈɚst ɹɪfjˈuzəl/
fixed phrase
technical
contract right to buy first
A legal or business right that gives a person or company the first chance to buy or take something before it is offered to anyone else.
Esimerkit
- Under the contract, the tenant has the right of first refusal if the owner decides to sell the building.
- Investors were given a right of first refusal on any future share sales.
- The publisher negotiated a right of first refusal on the author’s next two books.