toughness
gb/tˈʌfnəs/ us/tˈʌfnəs/
B2
영어
의미
의미 0개
명사
B2
property
1
mental strength under stress
being strong and not giving up when life is hard
사용 패턴：
the toughness to do [something]; toughness in the face of [something]
자주 하는 실수：
Don’t confuse toughness (strength of character) with hardness (physical hard surface).
유의어
resilience (focuses on recovering after difficulty)
|
grit (emphasizes long-term perseverance)
|
fortitude (more formal; bravery in suffering)
반의어
fragility (easily hurt or upset by difficulty)
|
weakness (lack of strength or resolve in challenges)
연어
mental toughness
|emotional toughness
|inner toughness
|sheer toughness
|remarkable toughness
|toughness under pressure
|show toughness
|develop toughness
|lack toughness
|a test of toughness
주제
emotions
|personal_growth
|sports
|work
예문
- She showed real toughness when she lost her job and still kept going.
- The team’s toughness was obvious in the final minutes of the game.
- It takes toughness to admit you were wrong and try again.
학습자용 예문
- You need toughness to finish the course.
- His toughness helped him stay calm.
명사
B2
property
2
resistance to damage or breaking
being strong and not easily damaged
사용 패턴：
the toughness of [material/object]
자주 하는 실수：
Toughness is not exactly the same as hardness; something can be hard but still break easily.
유의어
durability (emphasizes lasting a long time under use)
|
sturdiness (everyday word for being strongly built)
|
strength (more general; not specific to resisting damage)
반의어
brittleness (tends to crack or snap under stress)
|
delicacy (easily damaged; needing careful handling)
연어
material toughness
|surface toughness
|added toughness
|high toughness
|improved toughness
|toughness and durability
|toughness against scratches
|toughness of the fabric
|toughness of the plastic
|impact toughness
주제
daily_life
|materials
|construction
예문
- The toughness of this phone case protects it from drops.
- Engineers increased the toughness of the alloy to prevent cracking.
- This backpack’s toughness makes it ideal for travel.
학습자용 예문
- This material has good toughness.
- The box needs more toughness.
명사
B2
property
3
chewy, hard-to-eat quality
when food is too hard to chew
사용 패턴：
the toughness of [food]
자주 하는 실수：
In food contexts, toughness is negative (not ‘strong’ in a good way).
유의어
chewiness (can be neutral or positive in some foods; less negative than toughness)
|
stringiness (meat has fibers that pull apart in strings)
반의어
tenderness (easy to chew; desirable for meat)
|
softness (general lack of firmness or resistance)
연어
meat toughness
|the toughness of the steak
|reduce toughness
|unpleasant toughness
|toughness in the chicken
|toughness of the crust
|too much toughness
|toughness after overcooking
|noticeable toughness
|toughness and dryness
주제
food
|daily_life
예문
- The toughness of the steak made it hard to enjoy.
- Overcooking increases the toughness of chicken breast.
- I tried to fix the toughness by slicing it very thin.
학습자용 예문
- The meat had a lot of toughness.
- This steak is too tough.
명사
C1
property
4
strict, uncompromising attitude
being very strict and not giving in easily
사용 패턴：
toughness on [issue]; toughness in [negotiations/leadership]
자주 하는 실수：
Toughness can sound positive (decisive) or negative (too harsh) depending on context.
유의어
firmness (more neutral; suggests steadiness rather than harshness)
|
severity (more negative; emphasizes harsh punishment or strictness)
반의어
leniency (willingness to be less strict or to forgive)
|
softness (lack of strictness or force in approach)
연어
project toughness
|display toughness
|political toughness
|toughness on crime
|toughness in negotiations
|a show of toughness
|unnecessary toughness
|toughness and discipline
|toughness with staff
|toughness toward rivals
주제
business
|politics
|relationships
예문
- The manager’s toughness helped the team meet the deadline.
- Voters responded to his toughness on corruption.
- Her toughness in negotiations surprised the suppliers.
학습자용 예문
- The coach’s toughness pushed us to work hard.
- They wanted toughness in the new leader.
명사
technical
C1
property
5
engineering measure of crack resistance
(technical) how well a material resists breaking
사용 패턴：
toughness of [material]; measure toughness
자주 하는 실수：
In technical use, toughness is distinct from hardness and strength and is measured by specific tests.
유의어
fracture resistance (emphasizes resisting cracks; close technical paraphrase)
반의어
brittleness (tendency to fracture with little deformation or energy absorption)
연어
fracture toughness
|impact toughness
|toughness value
|toughness testing
|toughness measurement
|increase toughness
|toughness of the alloy
|high-toughness steel
|toughness and ductility
|crack resistance
주제
engineering
|materials
|science
예문
- The report compares the toughness of several composite materials.
- Heat treatment can improve toughness while maintaining strength.
- Engineers tested the sample’s toughness at low temperatures.
문법
기본형
toughness
IPA
GB/tˈʌfnəs/
US/tˈʌfnəs/
음절 및 강세
tough - ness （2음절）
Stress on 1st syllable (tough)
활용형
Noun
- Base: toughness
- Plural: toughness, toughnesses
표현
fracture toughness
1/fɹˈækt͡ʃɚ tˈʌfnəs/
fixed phrase
technical
material’s resistance to cracking
A measure of how well a material can resist cracks growing and causing it to break.
예문
- Engineers tested the fracture toughness of the new alloy.
- High fracture toughness is important for aircraft materials.
fracture toughness
1/fɹˈækt͡ʃɚ tˈʌfnəs/
fixed phrase
technical
resistance to crack growth
(technical) how hard it is for a crack to spread
예문
- This alloy has high fracture toughness, so cracks spread more slowly.
- The lab measured fracture toughness at different temperatures.
- Designers choose materials based on strength and fracture toughness.
mental toughness
1/mˈɛntəl tˈʌfnəs/
fixed phrase
focus and confidence under pressure
staying strong in your mind when things are hard
예문
- The coach trains players to build mental toughness.
- Finishing the marathon required mental toughness.
- Her mental toughness helped her handle criticism.
physical toughness
1/fˈɪzɪkəl tˈʌfnəs/
fixed phrase
ability to handle physical strain
being strong enough for hard physical activity
예문
- Preseason training is designed to build physical toughness.
- Hiking in winter tests physical toughness.
- They added strength work to improve physical toughness.
toughness on crime
1/tˈʌfnəs ˈɔn kɹˈaɪm/
fixed phrase
strict approach to crime
being very strict about crime and punishment
예문
- The candidate promised toughness on crime during the campaign.
- Critics argued that toughness on crime did not reduce reoffending.
- The mayor emphasized prevention rather than toughness on crime.
toughness test
1/tˈʌfnəs tˈɛst/
fixed phrase
situation proving how tough
a hard challenge that shows strength
예문
- Working night shifts was a real toughness test for him.
- The final interview felt like a toughness test.
- The heat turned the hike into a toughness test.
toughness training
1/tˈʌfnəs tɹˈeɪnɪŋ/
fixed phrase
practice to build toughness
training to become tougher
예문
- The program includes toughness training as well as strength work.
- Some teams use toughness training to prepare for high-pressure games.
- Their toughness training focuses on fatigue and decision-making.