toughness
gb/tˈʌfnəs/ us/tˈʌfnəs/
B2
Kiingereza
lelki erő, szívósság, strapabíróság, rágósság, kemény fellépés, keménység
NOMINO
B2
1
Muundo wa matumizi:
the toughness to do [something]; toughness in the face of [something]
She showed real toughness when she lost her job and still kept going.
Igazi lelki erőt mutatott, amikor elvesztette az állását, és mégis kitartott.
The team’s toughness was obvious in the final minutes of the game.
A csapat lelki ereje a meccs utolsó perceiben egyértelműen látszott.
It takes toughness to admit you were wrong and try again.
Mifano kwa wanafunzi
You need toughness to finish the course.
Lelki erő kell ahhoz, hogy végigcsináld a tanfolyamot.
His toughness helped him stay calm.
A lelki ereje segített neki nyugodtnak maradni.
Kosa la kawaida:
Don’t confuse toughness (strength of character) with hardness (physical hard surface).
Maana
mental strength under stress
Miunganiko ya maneno
mental toughness
|emotional toughness
|inner toughness
|sheer toughness
|remarkable toughness
|toughness under pressure
|show toughness
|develop toughness
|lack toughness
|a test of toughness
Visawe
resilience (focuses on recovering after difficulty)
|
grit (emphasizes long-term perseverance)
|
fortitude (more formal; bravery in suffering)
Vinyume
fragility (easily hurt or upset by difficulty)
|
weakness (lack of strength or resolve in challenges)
Mada
emotions
|personal_growth
|sports
|work
Ufafanuzi
being strong and not giving up when life is hard
The ability to stay strong, calm, and determined in difficult or stressful situations.
NOMINO
B2
2
szívósság
C1
Muundo wa matumizi:
the toughness of [material/object]
The toughness of this phone case protects it from drops.
Ennek a telefontoknak a strapabírósága védelmet nyújt eséskor.
Engineers increased the toughness of the alloy to prevent cracking.
A mérnökök növelték az ötvözet szívósságát, hogy megelőzzék a repedezést.
This backpack’s toughness makes it ideal for travel.
Mifano kwa wanafunzi
This material has good toughness.
Ennek az anyagnak jó a strapabírósága.
The box needs more toughness.
Ennek a doboznak strapabíróbbnak kell lennie.
Kosa la kawaida:
Toughness is not exactly the same as hardness; something can be hard but still break easily.
Maana
resistance to damage or breaking
Miunganiko ya maneno
material toughness
|surface toughness
|added toughness
|high toughness
|improved toughness
|toughness and durability
|toughness against scratches
|toughness of the fabric
|toughness of the plastic
|impact toughness
Visawe
durability (emphasizes lasting a long time under use)
|
sturdiness (everyday word for being strongly built)
|
strength (more general; not specific to resisting damage)
Vinyume
brittleness (tends to crack or snap under stress)
|
delicacy (easily damaged; needing careful handling)
Mada
daily_life
|materials
|construction
Ufafanuzi
being strong and not easily damaged
The quality of being strong and able to withstand force, wear, or damage without breaking.
NOMINO
B2
3
rágósság
B2
Muundo wa matumizi:
the toughness of [food]
The toughness of the steak made it hard to enjoy.
A steak rágóssága miatt nehéz volt élvezni.
Overcooking increases the toughness of chicken breast.
A túlsütés növeli a csirkemell rágósságát.
I tried to fix the toughness by slicing it very thin.
Mifano kwa wanafunzi
The meat had a lot of toughness.
A hús nagyon rágós volt.
This steak is too tough.
Ez a steak túl rágós.
Kosa la kawaida:
In food contexts, toughness is negative (not ‘strong’ in a good way).
Maana
chewy, hard-to-eat quality
Miunganiko ya maneno
meat toughness
|the toughness of the steak
|reduce toughness
|unpleasant toughness
|toughness in the chicken
|toughness of the crust
|too much toughness
|toughness after overcooking
|noticeable toughness
|toughness and dryness
Visawe
chewiness (can be neutral or positive in some foods; less negative than toughness)
|
stringiness (meat has fibers that pull apart in strings)
Vinyume
tenderness (easy to chew; desirable for meat)
|
softness (general lack of firmness or resistance)
Mada
food
|daily_life
Ufafanuzi
when food is too hard to chew
The unpleasant quality of being hard to chew, cut, or bite through, especially in meat or bread.
NOMINO
C1
4
keménység
B1
Muundo wa matumizi:
toughness on [issue]; toughness in [negotiations/leadership]
The manager’s toughness helped the team meet the deadline.
A vezető keménysége segített a csapatnak tartani a határidőt.
Voters responded to his toughness on corruption.
A választók pozitívan reagáltak a korrupcióval szembeni kemény fellépésére.
Her toughness in negotiations surprised the suppliers.
Mifano kwa wanafunzi
The coach’s toughness pushed us to work hard.
Az edző keménysége arra ösztönzött minket, hogy keményen dolgozzunk.
They wanted toughness in the new leader.
Keménységet akartak látni az új vezetőben.
Kosa la kawaida:
Toughness can sound positive (decisive) or negative (too harsh) depending on context.
Maana
strict, uncompromising attitude
Miunganiko ya maneno
project toughness
|display toughness
|political toughness
|toughness on crime
|toughness in negotiations
|a show of toughness
|unnecessary toughness
|toughness and discipline
|toughness with staff
|toughness toward rivals
Visawe
firmness (more neutral; suggests steadiness rather than harshness)
|
severity (more negative; emphasizes harsh punishment or strictness)
Vinyume
leniency (willingness to be less strict or to forgive)
|
softness (lack of strictness or force in approach)
Mada
business
|politics
|relationships
Ufafanuzi
being very strict and not giving in easily
A forceful, hard, or uncompromising approach, especially in leadership, negotiations, or policy.
NOMINO
C1
TECHNICAL
5
szívósság
C1
Muundo wa matumizi:
toughness of [material]; measure toughness
The report compares the toughness of several composite materials.
A jelentés több kompozit anyag szívósságát hasonlítja össze.
Heat treatment can improve toughness while maintaining strength.
A hőkezelés javíthatja a szívósságot a szilárdság megőrzése mellett.
Engineers tested the sample’s toughness at low temperatures.
Kosa la kawaida:
In technical use, toughness is distinct from hardness and strength and is measured by specific tests.
Maana
engineering measure of crack resistance
Miunganiko ya maneno
fracture toughness
|impact toughness
|toughness value
|toughness testing
|toughness measurement
|increase toughness
|toughness of the alloy
|high-toughness steel
|toughness and ductility
|crack resistance
Visawe
fracture resistance (emphasizes resisting cracks; close technical paraphrase)
Vinyume
brittleness (tendency to fracture with little deformation or energy absorption)
Mada
engineering
|materials
|science
Ufafanuzi
(technical) how well a material resists breaking
In engineering and materials science, the ability of a material to absorb energy and resist cracking or fracturing, often measured under specified test conditions.
Sarufi
Umbo la kamusi
toughness
IPA
GB/tˈʌfnəs/
US/tˈʌfnəs/
Silabi na mkazo
tough - ness (silabi 2)
Stress on 1st syllable (tough)
Maumbo ya neno
Noun
- Base: toughness
- Plural: toughness, toughnesses
Semi
fracture toughness
1/fɹˈækt͡ʃɚ tˈʌfnəs/
fixed phrase
technical
material’s resistance to cracking
A measure of how well a material can resist cracks growing and causing it to break.
Mifano
- Engineers tested the fracture toughness of the new alloy.
- High fracture toughness is important for aircraft materials.
fracture toughness
1/fɹˈækt͡ʃɚ tˈʌfnəs/
fixed phrase
technical
resistance to crack growth
(technical) how hard it is for a crack to spread
Mifano
- This alloy has high fracture toughness, so cracks spread more slowly.
- The lab measured fracture toughness at different temperatures.
- Designers choose materials based on strength and fracture toughness.
mental toughness
1/mˈɛntəl tˈʌfnəs/
fixed phrase
focus and confidence under pressure
staying strong in your mind when things are hard
Mifano
- The coach trains players to build mental toughness.
- Finishing the marathon required mental toughness.
- Her mental toughness helped her handle criticism.
Mifano kwa wanafunzi
- Mental toughness helps in stressful times.
physical toughness
1/fˈɪzɪkəl tˈʌfnəs/
fixed phrase
ability to handle physical strain
being strong enough for hard physical activity
Mifano
- Preseason training is designed to build physical toughness.
- Hiking in winter tests physical toughness.
- They added strength work to improve physical toughness.
Mifano kwa wanafunzi
- Training improves physical toughness.
toughness on crime
1/tˈʌfnəs ˈɔn kɹˈaɪm/
fixed phrase
strict approach to crime
being very strict about crime and punishment
Mifano
- The candidate promised toughness on crime during the campaign.
- Critics argued that toughness on crime did not reduce reoffending.
- The mayor emphasized prevention rather than toughness on crime.
toughness test
1/tˈʌfnəs tˈɛst/
fixed phrase
situation proving how tough
a hard challenge that shows strength
Mifano
- Working night shifts was a real toughness test for him.
- The final interview felt like a toughness test.
- The heat turned the hike into a toughness test.
Mifano kwa wanafunzi
- The long run was a toughness test.
toughness training
1/tˈʌfnəs tɹˈeɪnɪŋ/
fixed phrase
practice to build toughness
training to become tougher
Mifano
- The program includes toughness training as well as strength work.
- Some teams use toughness training to prepare for high-pressure games.
- Their toughness training focuses on fatigue and decision-making.