fluency
gb/flˈuənsi/ us/flˈuənsi/
B2
Kiingereza
Maana
maana 0
Nomino
B2
property
1
ability to use a language smoothly
the ability to speak a language easily and well
Muundo wa matumizi:
fluency in [a language]
Kosa la kawaida:
Fluency mainly means speaking smoothly; it does not always mean perfect grammar or a native accent.
Visawe
proficiency (Broader; includes overall skill, not just smoothness.)
|
command (Emphasizes control over a language.)
Vinyume
hesitancy (Highlights frequent pauses or uncertainty.)
|
disfluency (The opposite of smooth, continuous speech.)
Miunganiko ya maneno
achieve fluency
|gain fluency
|develop fluency
|native-like fluency
|oral fluency
|spoken fluency
|written fluency
|fluency in English
|fluency in Spanish
|a high level of fluency
Mada
language_learning
|education
|communication
Mifano
- After a year abroad, her fluency in Italian improved dramatically.
- The job requires fluency in both English and Mandarin.
- He speaks with impressive fluency for someone who started learning last year.
Mifano kwa wanafunzi
- I want fluency in English.
- Practice every day to improve your fluency.
Nomino
C1
property
2
smooth, effortless speaking or writing
speaking or writing smoothly and easily
Muundo wa matumizi:
with fluency; [someone]'s fluency
Kosa la kawaida:
Do not use *fluency* to mean 'confidence' alone; it focuses on smooth, easy expression.
Visawe
smoothness (More general; can apply to many things beyond language.)
|
articulateness (Focuses on clear expression of ideas.)
Vinyume
awkwardness (Emphasizes clumsy, unnatural expression.)
|
haltingness (Emphasizes frequent stops and starts.)
Miunganiko ya maneno
speak with fluency
|write with fluency
|ease and fluency
|clarity and fluency
|fluency of style
|fluency of expression
|fluency and precision
|a lack of fluency
|improve fluency
|natural fluency
Mada
communication
|writing
|public_speaking
Mifano
- She answered the questions with fluency and calm.
- The essay has fluency but needs stronger evidence.
- His fluency dropped when he started reading from notes.
Mifano kwa wanafunzi
- She speaks with fluency.
- My writing needs more fluency.
Nomino
C1
property
3
quick, accurate performance of a skill
doing a skill easily and correctly
Muundo wa matumizi:
fluency with [a skill/task]; fluency in [a skill area]
Kosa la kawaida:
In education, *fluency* can apply to skills like math or typing, not only to languages.
Visawe
mastery (Often implies a higher, more complete level of skill.)
|
automaticity (Technical term emphasizing doing something without conscious effort.)
Vinyume
clumsiness (Suggests uncoordinated or error-prone performance.)
|
difficulty (General lack of ease in performing the skill.)
Miunganiko ya maneno
math fluency
|reading fluency
|computational fluency
|build fluency
|develop fluency
|fluency with numbers
|fluency with multiplication facts
|automaticity and fluency
|practice for fluency
|fluency drills
Mada
education
|skills
|learning
Mifano
- Regular practice helped her build fluency with mental arithmetic.
- The course focuses on fluency before introducing more complex problems.
- He has fluency on the keyboard, so he types without looking.
Mifano kwa wanafunzi
- I need more fluency in math.
- Practice helps me get fluency.
Nomino
C1
property
4
smooth, graceful movement or performance
moving easily and smoothly
Muundo wa matumizi:
fluency of [movement/action]
Kosa la kawaida:
This sense is less common than language fluency; it is often used in arts and sports contexts.
Visawe
fluidity (Very close; emphasizes continuous, flowing motion.)
|
grace (Adds a sense of elegance.)
Vinyume
stiffness (Lack of smooth, free movement.)
|
jerkiness (Movement that is uneven and stop-start.)
Miunganiko ya maneno
fluency of movement
|fluency of motion
|fluency and grace
|fluency and control
|fluency in dance
|fluency on the court
|fluency in performance
|loss of fluency
|fluidity and fluency
|natural fluency
Mada
sports
|arts
|performance
Mifano
- With training, she regained the fluency of her movements.
- The pianist played with fluency and control.
- His fluency on the field makes the game look effortless.
Mifano kwa wanafunzi
- The dancer moved with fluency.
- Practice gave him more fluency.
Nomino
technical
C2
property
5
continuity of speech in therapy
how smooth a person’s speech is (medical use)
Muundo wa matumizi:
assess [someone]'s fluency; fluency therapy
Kosa la kawaida:
In this field, *fluency* is about speech flow (e.g., stuttering), not about vocabulary size or grammar knowledge.
Visawe
speech flow (Plain-language description used in explanations.)
Vinyume
stuttering (A common cause of disrupted fluency.)
|
disfluency (General term for interruptions in speech flow.)
Miunganiko ya maneno
speech fluency
|fluency disorder
|fluency shaping
|fluency therapy
|assess fluency
|measure fluency
|fluency breaks
|stuttering and fluency
|fluency techniques
|increase fluency
Mada
health
|speech
|therapy
Mifano
- The clinician assessed his fluency during conversation and reading.
- Fluency improved after several weeks of therapy.
- Stress can reduce fluency and increase speech blocks.
Mifano kwa wanafunzi
- The therapist checked his fluency.
Nomino
technical
C2
property
6
ease of mental processing
how easy something is to understand (technical use)
Muundo wa matumizi:
increase fluency; reduce fluency; perceptual fluency
Kosa la kawaida:
This sense is usually discussed in psychology; in everyday English, people more often say something is 'easy to process' or 'easy to understand.'
Visawe
ease of processing (More explicit, less jargon.)
Vinyume
cognitive strain (The opposite feeling of effortful processing.)
|
difficulty (General lack of ease in understanding.)
Miunganiko ya maneno
processing fluency
|perceptual fluency
|cognitive fluency
|increase fluency
|reduce fluency
|fluency effects
|fluency-based judgments
|ease and fluency
|fluency heuristic
|low fluency
Mada
psychology
|communication
|marketing
Mifano
- Clear fonts can increase fluency and make a message feel more trustworthy.
- When fluency is low, people often slow down and question what they are reading.
- Researchers studied how fluency influences decisions under time pressure.
Sarufi
Umbo la kamusi
fluency
IPA
GB/flˈuənsi/
US/flˈuənsi/
Silabi na mkazo
flu - ency (silabi 2)
Stress on 1st syllable (flu)
Maumbo ya neno
Noun
- Base: fluency
- Plural: fluencies, fluency
Familia ya neno
Semi
fluency disorder
1/flˈuənsi dɪsˈɔɹdɚ/
fixed phrase
technical
condition affecting speech flow
a speech problem that stops smooth talking
Mifano
- He was diagnosed with a fluency disorder in early childhood.
- The clinic specializes in treating fluency disorders.
- A fluency disorder can affect confidence in social situations.
native-like fluency
1/nˈeɪtɪv lˈaɪk flˈuənsi/
fixed phrase
fluency similar to a native speaker
speaking very fluently, like a native speaker
Mifano
- It took years of immersion to reach native-like fluency.
- Her native-like fluency makes her sound completely natural in meetings.
- He has native-like fluency, but he still makes occasional spelling mistakes.
oral fluency
1/ˈɔɹəl flˈuənsi/
fixed phrase
smooth, natural spoken language
speaking smoothly and easily
Mifano
- Conversation classes are designed to build oral fluency.
- The exam includes a speaking section that tests oral fluency.
- She has strong grammar but still needs more oral fluency.
processing fluency
1/pɹˈɑsɛsɪŋ flˈuənsi/
fixed phrase
technical
how easily information is processed
how easy something is for the brain to understand
Mifano
- Simple layouts increase processing fluency and reduce confusion.
- Low processing fluency can make a true statement feel less believable.
- The study manipulated processing fluency by changing font clarity.
reading fluency
1/ɹˈidɪŋ flˈuənsi/
fixed phrase
reading smoothly with good pace
reading easily, correctly, and smoothly
Mifano
- Daily practice helped improve his reading fluency.
- Teachers often measure reading fluency with timed passages.
- Her reading fluency increased as her vocabulary grew.
verbal fluency
1/vˈɚbəl flˈuənsi/
fixed phrase
technical
ease and speed of speaking
How easily and quickly a person can say many words correctly.
Mifano
- The test is designed to measure verbal fluency in older adults.
- Bilingual speakers sometimes show higher verbal fluency in one language.
verbal fluency
1/vˈɚbəl flˈuənsi/
fixed phrase
technical
ability to produce words quickly
quickly finding and saying words (often in tests)
Mifano
- The neurologist used a verbal fluency task to assess language function.
- Stress and fatigue can reduce verbal fluency.
- Participants completed a verbal fluency test in under two minutes.