quotation
gb/kwoʊtˈeɪʃən/ us/kwoʊtˈeɪʃən/
B1
Kiingereza
~ 8700
Maana
maana 0
Nomino
B1
entity
1
words repeated from a source
A group of words that someone said or wrote first, which another person repeats exactly, often saying who said it.
Muundo wa matumizi:
a quotation from [someone] / from [a book]
Kosa la kawaida:
Learners often confuse "quotation" with "citation". A quotation is the exact words you repeat; a citation is the reference that shows where the quotation or idea comes from. Learners also sometimes use "quotation" when they mean "price quote" for work or services; in that case, use the money sense of "quotation" or simply "quote".
Visawe
quote (More common in everyday speech and less formal; otherwise the meaning is the same.)
Vinyume
paraphrase (A paraphrase gives the same idea in different words, not the exact original words like a quotation does.)
Miunganiko ya maneno
famous quotation
|direct quotation
|brief quotation
|include a quotation
|take a quotation from
Mada
language
|education
|media
|communication
Mifano
- The book begins with a famous quotation from Nelson Mandela.
- She used a short quotation from the report to support her argument.
- Please add a proper quotation from the article instead of just summarizing it.
- The teacher asked us to explain the meaning of the quotation on the board.
- Each chapter starts with a literary quotation related to its theme.
Mifano kwa wanafunzi
- I wrote a quotation from the story in my notebook.
- The teacher asked for a quotation from the text.
- There is a long quotation from the president in the newspaper.
- He began his speech with a short quotation.
- I do not understand this quotation from Shakespeare.
Nomino
B2
entity
2
estimated price for goods or services
A statement from a company that tells you how much you will have to pay for some work or goods before you agree to buy them.
Muundo wa matumizi:
give [someone] a quotation for [work/service]
Kosa la kawaida:
Learners sometimes mix this money meaning with the "words" meaning and say things like *"I need a quote from the electrician"* but then think of "quotation" only as words from a book. In business contexts, both "quote" and "quotation" can mean a price; in everyday speech, "quote" is more common.
Visawe
estimate (Very close in meaning, but "estimate" is slightly more general and common; "quotation" often suggests a more formal, possibly written, business price.)
Vinyume
fixed price (A fixed price is already decided and will not change, while a quotation is an initial price that may change or be negotiated.)
Miunganiko ya maneno
ask for a quotation
|get a quotation
|written quotation
|detailed quotation
|competitive quotation
Mada
business
|money
|finance
Mifano
- The builder gave us a written quotation for the kitchen renovation.
- Please send me a detailed quotation for the printing job by Friday.
- We asked three companies for quotations before choosing the cheapest one.
- Their quotation included the cost of materials but not labor.
- The quotation is valid for thirty days from the date of issue.
Mifano kwa wanafunzi
- The company sent us a quotation for the new windows.
- I called the plumber and asked for a quotation.
- We will compare three quotations before we decide.
- This quotation is too high for our budget.
- They gave us a quotation for painting the house.
Nomino
formal
C1
action
3
the act of quoting words
The action of taking someone’s exact words and using them in your own speech or writing.
Muundo wa matumizi:
the quotation of [someone's] words / of [a source]
Kosa la kawaida:
Learners may not realize that this abstract, formal sense exists and may try to use the more concrete sense ("a quotation" as a group of words) where an uncountable, abstract use is expected ("quotation" as a practice). In academic writing, "quotation" can be both countable and uncountable, which can cause article errors.
Visawe
quoting (A gerund/verb form used more in everyday language; "quotation" sounds more formal and is common in academic or legal writing.)
Vinyume
original composition (Original composition uses your own words, while quotation uses someone else's exact words.)
Miunganiko ya maneno
accurate quotation
|faithful quotation
|quotation of sources
|quotation and citation
|rules on quotation
Mada
language
|academia
|communication
|education
Mifano
- Accurate quotation of sources is essential in academic writing.
- The report contains extensive quotation of internal company emails.
- Copyright law allows limited quotation for purposes such as review or criticism.
- The article relied more on paraphrase than on direct quotation.
- Their policy on the quotation of social media posts is quite strict.
Mifano kwa wanafunzi
- The teacher talked about the correct quotation of sources.
- In this essay, too much quotation is a problem.
- Good writing has a balance between quotation and your own ideas.
- There are rules for the quotation of online texts.
- The paper had errors in the quotation of the interview.
Nomino
technical
C1
entity
4
listed market price of a security
The price of a stock or other financial product that is shown on a market list at a particular time.
Muundo wa matumizi:
the quotation for [a stock/currency]
Kosa la kawaida:
Learners may confuse this technical financial meaning with the more general business meaning of a price "quotation" from a supplier. In finance, a quotation is usually an impersonal market price, not a personalised offer.
Visawe
market price (A broader term for the price at which something trades; "quotation" is more specific to how this price is formally listed or reported in financial markets.)
Vinyume
face value (Face value is the value printed on a financial instrument, while a quotation is the actual price it trades for on the market.)
Miunganiko ya maneno
stock quotation
|market quotation
|closing quotation
|currency quotation
Mada
finance
|business
Mifano
- The stock exchange publishes the latest quotation for each listed company.
- Investors watch the daily quotation of the currency closely.
- The bond is trading above its stock exchange quotation this morning.
- You can check the real-time quotation of the fund online.
- Yesterday’s closing quotation was higher than analysts expected.
Mifano kwa wanafunzi
- The newspaper shows the daily quotation for many stocks.
- We checked the quotation of the dollar before our trip.
- The quotation for this company’s shares is very low now.
- He follows the stock quotation every day on his phone.
- The fund’s quotation fell after the news.
Sarufi
Umbo la kamusi
quotation
IPA
GB/kwoʊtˈeɪʃən/
US/kwoʊtˈeɪʃən/
Silabi na mkazo
quo - ta - tion (silabi 3)
Stress on 2nd syllable (ta)
Maumbo ya neno
Noun
- Base: quotation
- Plural: quotation, quotations
Familia ya neno
Semi
air quotation marks
1/ˈɛɹ kwoʊtˈeɪʃən mˈɑɹks/
fixed phrase
informal
hand gesture for "quotes"
A hand movement used while speaking, where a person moves their fingers like small quotation marks in the air to show that a word or phrase is not serious or is from someone else.
Mifano
- He made air quotation marks when he said the word "expert" to show he did not really believe it.
- She raised her fingers in air quotation marks around the phrase "healthy choice".
- The comedian used big air quotation marks to make fun of the slogan.
in quotation marks
1/ˈɪn kwoʊtˈeɪʃən mˈɑɹks/
fixed phrase
enclosed by quotation marks
Written or printed with quotation marks around the words.
Mifano
- Please write the word in quotation marks in your notebook.
- On the worksheet, all new vocabulary items are shown in quotation marks.
- The phrase in quotation marks is taken directly from the report.
quotation marks
1/kwoʊtˈeɪʃən mˈɑɹks/
fixed phrase
punctuation showing quoted words
The punctuation marks (“ ” or " ") that show the exact words that someone said or wrote, or sometimes the title of something.
Mifano
- Put the sentence in quotation marks because it is not your own words.
- In English we usually use double quotation marks for direct speech.
- The teacher asked the students to add quotation marks around the dialogue.