austerity
gb/ˌɔstˈɛɹɪti/ us/ˌɔstˈɛɹɪti/
B2
อังกฤษ
megszorítás, ridegség, szigor, puritánság, puritán egyszerűség, aszkézis
คำนาม
C1
FORMAL
1
megszorítás
B2
รูปแบบการใช้:
austerity in [country/sector]; austerity for [group]; under austerity
After the financial crisis, the government introduced austerity to reduce the deficit.
A pénzügyi válság után a kormány megszorításokat vezetett be a hiány csökkentésére.
Many local services were cut during a decade of austerity.
A megszorítások egy évtizede alatt sok helyi szolgáltatást megnyirbáltak.
Critics argued that austerity slowed the recovery and widened inequality.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
Austerity means the government spends less money.
A megszorítás azt jelenti, hogy a kormány kevesebb pénzt költ.
Austerity can lead to cuts in public services.
A megszorítások a közszolgáltatások megnyirbálásához vezethetnek.
ข้อผิดพลาดที่พบบ่อย:
Don’t use it for personal saving habits unless the context is clearly about a very strict, hardship lifestyle; in news it most often refers to government spending cuts.
ความหมาย
government spending cuts policy
คำที่ใช้ร่วมกัน
austerity measures
|austerity policy
|austerity programme
|austerity plan
|fiscal austerity
|an austerity budget
|years of austerity
|post-austerity
|impose austerity
|end austerity
คำพ้องความหมาย
spending cuts (more specific and informal; focuses on reduced spending rather than the whole policy approach.)
|
fiscal tightening (more technical; emphasizes stricter budget policy in general.)
คำตรงข้าม
stimulus (government actions to boost the economy, often by increasing spending.)
|
expansionary spending (the opposite budget approach: spending more rather than cutting back.)
หัวข้อ
economics
|government
|politics
|business
คำจำกัดความ
a government plan to spend less money (and sometimes raise taxes)
a policy of reducing government spending and/or increasing taxes to lower public debt and deficits, often during economic difficulty
คำนาม
C1
FORMAL
2
รูปแบบการใช้:
the austerity of [someone/something]
There was an austerity in her voice that discouraged further questions.
Volt valami ridegség a hangjában, ami elvette a kedvét a további kérdésektől.
The principal’s austerity made the school feel intimidating.
Az igazgató rideg szigora miatt az iskola félelmetesnek hatott.
His speech mixed humor with moments of real austerity.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
His austerity made him seem cold.
A ridegsége miatt hidegnek tűnt.
She spoke with austerity.
Ridegen beszélt.
ข้อผิดพลาดที่พบบ่อย:
Austerity is a noun; the adjective is austere (not *auster).
ความหมาย
sternness and lack of warmth
คำที่ใช้ร่วมกัน
the austerity of his manner
|moral austerity
|judicial austerity
|an air of austerity
|a tone of austerity
|with austerity
|project austerity
|austerity and discipline
คำพ้องความหมาย
severity (more general; can be about rules, punishment, or appearance.)
|
sternness (highlights strictness in a person’s manner.)
คำตรงข้าม
warmth (suggests friendliness and emotional openness.)
|
leniency (opposite in terms of strictness and rule enforcement.)
หัวข้อ
personality
|emotions
|social
คำจำกัดความ
a serious, strict way of behaving that feels cold
the quality of being strict, severe, or emotionally restrained, without softness or friendliness
คำนาม
B2
3
รูปแบบการใช้:
live in austerity; the austerity of [a place/design]
They chose a year of austerity to pay off their debts.
Az adósságaik törlesztéséhez egy évig puritánul éltek.
The cabin’s austerity appealed to her after years in a busy city.
A kunyhó puritán egyszerűsége vonzotta őt a nyüzsgő városban töltött évek után.
The museum’s interior has a calm austerity, with bare walls and natural light.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
After moving, they lived in austerity for a while.
A költözés után egy ideig puritán körülmények között éltek.
The room had a quiet austerity.
A szobát csendes puritánság jellemezte.
ข้อผิดพลาดที่พบบ่อย:
This meaning is about simplicity and lack of comfort, not necessarily about being “cheap” or “low quality.”
ความหมาย
plain living with few comforts
คำที่ใช้ร่วมกัน
live in austerity
|a life of austerity
|monastic austerity
|spartan austerity
|the austerity of the room
|the austerity of the design
|self-imposed austerity
|material austerity
คำพ้องความหมาย
frugality (emphasizes careful spending rather than an overall stark lifestyle.)
|
simplicity (more positive/neutral; does not always imply hardship.)
คำตรงข้าม
luxury (suggests comfort and expensive pleasures.)
|
opulence (stronger than luxury; implies richness and display.)
หัวข้อ
daily_life
|lifestyle
|design
คำจำกัดความ
a simple life without extra comfort or luxury
a way of life or style that is very simple and plain, with few luxuries or comforts
คำนาม
C1
FORMAL
4
aszkézis
C1
รูปแบบการใช้:
religious austerity; practice austerity; austerity and fasting
The monks embraced austerity as part of their spiritual practice.
A szerzetesek az aszkézist a spirituális gyakorlatuk részeként vállalták.
Her faith encouraged periods of austerity and fasting.
A hite aszkézisre és böjtös időszakokra ösztönözte.
The biography describes his early years of religious austerity.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
Some monks live in austerity.
Néhány szerzetes aszkézisben él.
He practiced austerity during Lent.
Nagyböjt idején aszkézist gyakorolt.
ความหมาย
religious self-denial and discipline
คำที่ใช้ร่วมกัน
religious austerity
|monastic austerity
|practice austerity
|austerity and fasting
|acts of austerity
|a tradition of austerity
คำพ้องความหมาย
asceticism (the standard term; often broader and explicitly religious or philosophical.)
|
self-denial (more general; can be religious or personal.)
คำตรงข้าม
indulgence (enjoying pleasures rather than denying oneself.)
|
hedonism (a lifestyle centered on pleasure; a strong opposite.)
หัวข้อ
religion
|lifestyle
|history
คำจำกัดความ
doing without pleasure or comfort for religious reasons
strict self-discipline and self-denial, especially for religious reasons, such as fasting or avoiding comforts
ไวยากรณ์
รูปคำในพจนานุกรม
austerity
IPA
GB/ˌɔstˈɛɹɪti/
US/ˌɔstˈɛɹɪti/
พยางค์และการเน้นเสียง
aus - ter - ity (3 พยางค์)
Stress on 2nd syllable (ter)
รูปคำ
Noun
- Base: austerity
- Plural: austerities, austerity
กลุ่มคำที่เกี่ยวข้อง
วลีและสำนวน
an age of austerity
1/ən ˈeɪd͡ʒ əv ˌɔstˈɛɹɪti/
fixed phrase
formal
period marked by strict cutbacks
a time when many people must spend less
ตัวอย่าง
- In an age of austerity, even popular programs faced funding cuts.
- The novel is set in an age of austerity after the war.
- Businesses adapted their strategies to an age of austerity.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
- We are living in an age of austerity.
austerity budget
1/ˌɔstˈɛɹɪti bˈʌd͡ʒɪt/
fixed phrase
formal
budget focused on cutbacks
a government budget that cuts spending
ตัวอย่าง
- The chancellor delivered an austerity budget that reduced departmental funding.
- Opposition parties rejected the austerity budget as unfair.
- An austerity budget can shift the cost of services onto households.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
- They announced an austerity budget.
- The budget included spending cuts.
austerity drive
1/ˌɔstˈɛɹɪti dɹˈaɪv/
fixed phrase
business
campaign to cut spending
a planned effort to spend less money
ตัวอย่าง
- The company launched an austerity drive after profits fell.
- An austerity drive across the public sector reduced hiring and travel budgets.
- Managers were asked to find savings as part of the austerity drive.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
- The company began an austerity drive.
- The drive reduced costs.
austerity measures
1/ˌɔstˈɛɹɪti mˈɛʒɚz/
fixed phrase
formal
official spending cuts and tax rises
government actions to spend less (and sometimes tax more)
ตัวอย่าง
- The finance minister announced new austerity measures after the budget review.
- Austerity measures led to reductions in health and education spending.
- Several countries abandoned austerity measures once growth returned.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
- The government introduced austerity measures.
- Austerity measures can cut public services.
austerity programme
1/ˌɔstˈɛɹɪti pɹˈoʊɡɹˌæm/
fixed phrase
formal
planned package of budget cuts
a government plan to reduce spending over time
ตัวอย่าง
- The country agreed to an austerity programme as part of an international loan deal.
- The austerity programme included pay freezes and benefit reforms.
- Protests grew as the austerity programme expanded to local government budgets.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
- They started an austerity programme.
- The programme reduced public spending.
fiscal austerity
1/fˈɪskəl ˌɔstˈɛɹɪti/
fixed phrase
technical
strict government budget tightening
a strict policy to reduce government deficits
ตัวอย่าง
- Some economists argue that fiscal austerity is harmful during a recession.
- Fiscal austerity can reduce inflation but also slow growth.
- The report compared fiscal austerity across several European countries.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
- Fiscal austerity means stricter government budgets.