commence
gb/kəmˈɛns/ us/kəmˈɛns/
B2
อังกฤษ
~ 26900
kezdődik, megkezd, indít, megindít, fokozatot kap
คำกริยา
B2
FORMAL
1
รูปแบบการใช้:
to commence [activity/thing]
The ceremony will commence at 10 a.m. sharp.
Az ünnepség pontosan 10 órakor kezdődik.
Construction on the new bridge is scheduled to commence next month.
Az új híd építése a tervek szerint jövő hónapban kezdődik.
Once everyone is seated, we can commence the meeting.
The course will commence with an introduction to basic concepts.
Talks are expected to commence after the election results are announced.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
The movie will commence at seven o'clock.
A film hét órakor kezdődik.
Classes commence on the first Monday of September.
A tanítás szeptember első hétfőjén kezdődik.
We will commence the test when all students are ready.
The program will commence with a short video.
They plan to commence building the house in June.
ข้อผิดพลาดที่พบบ่อย:
Learners often treat 'commence' as normal everyday English and use it in casual conversation where 'start' or 'begin' is more natural (e.g., saying *'Let's commence'* with friends instead of 'Let's start'). Learners also sometimes write *'commence to do'* in very informal texts; while it is grammatically correct, 'start to do' or 'start doing' usually sounds more natural.
ความหมาย
to begin, to start
คำที่ใช้ร่วมกัน
commence at [time]
|commence on [date]
|commence a meeting
|commence construction
|commence training
|commence the project
คำพ้องความหมาย
begin (Common and neutral; suitable in almost all contexts where 'commence' is used, but less formal.)
|
start (Very common and informal-neutral; often preferred in everyday speech instead of 'commence'.)
คำตรงข้าม
finish (Opposite in time; marks the end of something that 'commence' begins.)
|
stop (Opposite action; to cause an activity to end or not continue.)
หัวข้อ
business
|education
|daily life
|core_vocabulary
|daily_life
คำจำกัดความ
To start something, or to begin to happen.
To begin doing something, or to cause something to begin.
คำกริยา
C1
TECHNICAL
2
รูปแบบการใช้:
to commence [process/proceedings/action]
The company intends to commence legal proceedings against the supplier for breach of contract.
A cég szerződésszegés miatt jogi eljárást kíván indítani a beszállító ellen.
If payment is not received within 14 days, we will commence recovery action without further notice.
Ha 14 napon belül nem érkezik meg a fizetés, további értesítés nélkül behajtási eljárást indítunk.
The regulator has commenced an investigation into possible market abuse.
She instructed her lawyers to commence divorce proceedings immediately.
The government may commence enforcement action if the terms of the license are not met.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
The bank decided to commence legal proceedings against the customer.
A bank úgy döntött, hogy jogi eljárást indít az ügyfél ellen.
Police will commence an investigation into the accident.
A rendőrség vizsgálatot indít a baleset ügyében.
If you do not pay, the company can commence action in court.
They plan to commence disciplinary proceedings next week.
Her lawyer will commence an appeal against the decision.
ข้อผิดพลาดที่พบบ่อย:
Learners may use this formal legal sense in everyday situations where a simple 'start' sounds more natural, for example writing *'commence action against my neighbor'* in a casual email. It is best kept for official or legal writing.
ความหมาย
to start an official process
คำที่ใช้ร่วมกัน
commence legal proceedings
|commence an investigation
|commence disciplinary action
|commence enforcement action
|commence an appeal
|commence bankruptcy proceedings
คำพ้องความหมาย
initiate (Very similar in legal and official contexts; slightly more common than 'commence' in some technical writing.)
|
institute (Common in legal phrases like 'institute proceedings'; emphasizes setting a process in motion.)
คำตรงข้าม
terminate (Used in legal and formal contexts to mean officially end a process or contract.)
|
withdraw (In legal contexts, means to stop or cancel an action that was commenced, such as a claim or application.)
หัวข้อ
law
|business
|government
คำจำกัดความ
To officially start a legal or formal action, like a court case or investigation.
To formally begin an official, legal, or administrative process or action.
คำกริยา
C2
ARCHAIC
3
รูปแบบการใช้:
to commence [degree/title]
He commenced Bachelor of Arts at Oxford in 1623.
1623-ban Oxfordban baccalaureusi fokozatot kapott.
Several scholars commenced Master of Theology at the ceremony.
Az ünnepségen több tudós is megkapta a teológiai mesterfokozatot.
She commenced Doctor in Civil Law after many years of study.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
In old books, you may read that a man 'commenced bachelor' at a university.
Régi könyvekben azt is olvashatod, hogy valaki egy egyetemen baccalaureusi fokozatot kapott.
This use of 'commence' to mean 'receive a degree' is now very rare.
A commence ilyen, vagyis 'fokozatot kap' jelentésű használata ma már nagyon ritka.
Today, we say 'graduate', not 'commence', when a student finishes university.
ความหมาย
to receive a degree (old use)
คำที่ใช้ร่วมกัน
commence bachelor
|commence master
|commence doctor
|commence B.A.
|commence M.A.
คำพ้องความหมาย
graduate (Modern verb for finishing a course and receiving a degree; 'commence' in this sense is old-fashioned.)
คำตรงข้าม
fail (In an academic context, to not meet the requirements to receive a degree.)
หัวข้อ
education
|history
คำจำกัดความ
In old English, to receive a degree from a university.
To have a degree formally conferred by a university, especially in older usage.
ไวยากรณ์
รูปคำในพจนานุกรม
commence
IPA
GB/kəmˈɛns/
US/kəmˈɛns/
พยางค์และการเน้นเสียง
com - mence (2 พยางค์)
Stress on 2nd syllable (mence)
รูปคำ
Verb
- Base: commence
- 3rd Person Singular: commences
- Present Participle: commencing
- Past: commenced
กลุ่มคำที่เกี่ยวข้อง
Forms
commences
verb
commencing
verb
commenced
verb
Core family
commencement
noun B2
Related words
recommence
verb
วลีและสำนวน
commence on
2/kəmˈɛns ˈɔn/
phrasal verb
formal
to start on a date
To begin at a stated date or time.
ตัวอย่าง
- The training program will commence on 1 July.
- Her contract is due to commence on the first day of next month.
commence operations
4/kəmˈɛns ˌɑpɚˈeɪʃənz/
fixed phrase
formal
to begin business activities
To start doing business or start working as an organization.
ตัวอย่าง
- The new plant is expected to commence operations early next year.
- Once we receive the final permits, we can commence operations immediately.
commence proceedings
5/kəmˈɛns pɹoʊsˈidɪŋz/
fixed phrase
technical
to start a legal case
To officially start a case in court or another legal process.
ตัวอย่าง
- If the debt remains unpaid, the company may commence proceedings without further warning.
- They decided not to commence proceedings after reaching a private settlement.
commence with
1/kəmˈɛns wˈɪθ/
phrasal verb
formal
to begin by doing something
To start something by first doing or including a particular thing.
ตัวอย่าง
- The lecture will commence with a brief overview of the syllabus.
- We shall commence with introductions before moving to the main agenda.
commence work
3/kəmˈɛns wˈɚk/
fixed phrase
formal
to begin work or a project
To start doing a job, task, or project.
ตัวอย่าง
- Contractors will commence work on the site in May.
- New staff are expected to commence work at the beginning of the month.