hardship
gb/hˈɑɹdʃɪp/ us/hˈɑɹdʃɪp/
B2
อังกฤษ
~ 8800
nélkülözés, aránytalan teher, igazolt anyagi nehézség
คำนาม
B2
1
nélkülözés
B2
รูปแบบการใช้:
to suffer [hardship]; to face [hardship]; [hardship] caused by [something]
After losing his job, he went through years of financial hardship.
Miután elvesztette az állását, éveken át anyagi nehézségekkel küzdött.
The war brought great hardship to ordinary families.
A háború rengeteg nélkülözést hozott az átlagos családok életébe.
Many students experience hardship while trying to pay for college.
They grew up in hardship, without proper heating or running water.
The charity provides support to people facing severe hardship.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
She lived in hardship after her husband died.
Nélkülözésben élt, miután meghalt a férje.
The family felt hardship when they lost their home.
A család nagy nélkülözést élt át, amikor elveszítették az otthonukat.
During the flood, many people suffered hardship.
He works two jobs to avoid hardship.
The government gives money to people in hardship.
ข้อผิดพลาดที่พบบ่อย:
Learners sometimes confuse "hardship" with the adjective "hard" or the noun "hardness". "Hardship" is a noun for a serious life difficulty, often about money or basic needs, and is usually used as an uncountable noun ("face hardship"). It can be countable in the plural when you talk about many types of difficulty ("the hardships of war"), but not normally as a singular with "a" for small problems (say "a problem" or "a difficulty", not "a hardship" for a minor issue).
ความหมาย
serious difficulty and suffering
คำที่ใช้ร่วมกัน
suffer hardship
|face hardship
|financial hardship
|economic hardship
|period of hardship
|hardship and suffering
คำพ้องความหมาย
difficulty (More general and can be small or large; hardship suggests stronger, more serious difficulty.)
|
adversity (Very close in meaning, but slightly more formal and can include emotional or social problems, not only money.)
|
deprivation (Focuses more on not having basic things like food, heat, or housing; hardship is broader.)
คำตรงข้าม
comfort (Suggests having enough money and basic needs so life is easy and pleasant, the opposite of living in hardship.)
หัวข้อ
daily life
|economy
|social issues
|health
|finance
|core_vocabulary
คำจำกัดความ
A very difficult and uncomfortable situation in life, especially when you do not have enough money or basic things you need.
Severe difficulty or suffering, especially caused by not having enough money, food, or basic comforts, or by very hard living conditions.
คำนาม
C1
FORMAL
2
รูปแบบการใช้:
[someone] claims [hardship]; [authority] grants [hardship] exemption; undue [hardship] on [someone/something]
The landlord may reduce the rent if the tenant can prove genuine financial hardship.
A bérbeadó csökkentheti a bérleti díjat, ha a bérlő igazolni tudja, hogy valódi anyagi nehézségei vannak.
Employers must provide reasonable accommodations unless doing so would cause undue hardship to the business.
A munkáltatóknak észszerű alkalmazkodást kell biztosítaniuk, kivéve, ha ez aránytalan terhet róna a vállalkozásra.
The university offers a hardship waiver for students who cannot afford the full tuition fees.
She applied for a hardship exemption from the tax penalty after losing her job.
The judge considered the hardship that deportation would cause to the family.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
He asked the bank for a hardship plan to lower his monthly payments.
Fizetéskönnyítési tervet kért a banktól, hogy csökkenjenek a havi törlesztőrészletei.
The company must help disabled workers unless it causes undue hardship.
A vállalatnak segítenie kell a fogyatékossággal élő dolgozókat, kivéve, ha ez aránytalan terhet jelent.
The school gave her a hardship grant because her parents lost their jobs.
They got a hardship waiver, so they did not have to pay the extra fee.
The law allows a hardship exception in very special cases.
ข้อผิดพลาดที่พบบ่อย:
Learners may not realize this is a formal, often legal or official use of "hardship". In this sense it is usually used with words like "undue", "exemption", "waiver", "plan", and often appears in documents, contracts, or government rules. For everyday personal difficulties, it is more natural to use the general sense of "hardship" or simply "money problems" or "serious difficulties".
ความหมาย
difficulty used to justify exemption
คำที่ใช้ร่วมกัน
undue hardship
|claim hardship
|prove hardship
|hardship exemption
|hardship waiver
คำพ้องความหมาย
undue burden (Technical and legal term emphasizing that the difficulty or cost is too great or unreasonable.)
|
disproportionate difficulty (Formal phrase stressing that the level of difficulty is too large compared to the benefit or requirement.)
คำตรงข้าม
no hardship (Used in formal and legal contexts to show that following the rule does not create serious difficulty, the opposite of a hardship situation.)
หัวข้อ
law
|business
|social issues
|core_vocabulary
คำจำกัดความ
A serious problem or high cost that you use as a reason to ask for special treatment, such as lower payments or an exception to a rule.
A serious difficulty, cost, or disadvantage that is accepted as a valid reason for changing, delaying, or waiving a normal rule, requirement, or payment.
ไวยากรณ์
รูปคำในพจนานุกรม
hardship
IPA
GB/hˈɑɹdʃɪp/
US/hˈɑɹdʃɪp/
พยางค์และการเน้นเสียง
hard - ship (2 พยางค์)
Stress on 1st syllable (hard)
รูปคำ
Noun
- Base: hardship
- Plural: hardship, hardships
กลุ่มคำที่เกี่ยวข้อง
วลีและสำนวน
economic hardship
1/ˌɛkənˈɑmɪk hˈɑɹdʃɪp/
fixed phrase
serious economic difficulty
Serious money and job problems in a person’s life, a group, or a whole country, often caused by a bad economy.
ตัวอย่าง
- Many small businesses closed during the period of economic hardship.
- The policy changes led to economic hardship for farmers in the region.
- The report warns that rising prices may cause widespread economic hardship.
financial hardship
1/fɪnˈænʃəl hˈɑɹdʃɪp/
fixed phrase
serious money-related difficulty
Serious money problems that make it hard to pay for basic needs or bills.
ตัวอย่าง
- After the accident, the family fell into financial hardship and struggled to pay rent.
- The charity supports people in financial hardship due to illness or job loss.
- Students facing financial hardship can apply for additional funding.
hardship allowance
1/hˈɑɹdʃɪp əlˈaʊəns/
fixed phrase
formal
extra pay for difficult conditions
Extra money that a worker gets because their job is in very hard or unpleasant conditions or in a difficult place.
ตัวอย่าง
- Employees who work in remote villages receive a hardship allowance.
- The contract includes a hardship allowance for staff posted in conflict areas.
- Some teachers refuse positions in the region, even with the hardship allowance.
undue hardship
1/ʌndˈu hˈɑɹdʃɪp/
fixed phrase
formal
excessive difficulty or cost
A very serious problem, cost, or difficulty that is too big and is therefore not fair to require from a person or company.
ตัวอย่าง
- An employer is not required to make changes that would cause undue hardship to the business.
- The court decided that repaying the full amount would create undue hardship for the debtor.
- The law allows exceptions when following the rule would result in undue hardship.
undue hardship
2/ʌndˈu hˈɑɹdʃɪp/
fixed phrase
technical
very serious or excessive hardship
A very serious problem, cost, or difficulty, especially a legal limit on what an employer or organization must do to help someone.
ตัวอย่าง
- Employers must provide reasonable accommodations unless it would cause undue hardship.
- The court decided that allowing the request would not create an undue hardship for the company.