refinement
gb/ɹɪfˈaɪnmənt/ us/ɹɪfˈaɪnmənt/
B2
อังกฤษ
~ 7200
finomítás, kifinomultság
คำนาม
B2
1
finomítás
B2
รูปแบบการใช้:
the refinement of [something]
The software is good, but it still needs further refinement before release.
A szoftver jó, de a kiadás előtt még további finomításra szorul.
Years of refinement turned the prototype into a reliable product.
Az évekig tartó finomítás megbízható termékké tette a prototípust.
Scientific progress often comes from the slow refinement of existing theories.
The new policy is a refinement of the earlier proposal, not a complete change.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
The company is working on the refinement of its new car.
A vállalat az új autója finomításán dolgozik.
After some refinement, her idea became a strong plan.
Némi finomítás után az ötlete meggyőző tervvé vált.
This camera is the result of many years of refinement.
The recipe tasted better after a little refinement.
ข้อผิดพลาดที่พบบ่อย:
Learners sometimes use *refinement* as a verb (e.g. *we will refinement the plan*). The correct verb is *refine* (e.g. *we will refine the plan*), and *refinement* is the noun for the process or result.
ความหมาย
process of making something better
คำที่ใช้ร่วมกัน
process of refinement
|continuous refinement
|ongoing refinement
|design refinement
|methodological refinement
|through refinement
คำพ้องความหมาย
improvement (More general; does not always suggest careful or repeated small changes.)
|
perfecting (Stronger and more absolute; suggests moving something very close to perfection.)
|
optimization (Often technical or business-related; focuses on making something as effective or efficient as possible.)
คำตรงข้าม
deterioration (Describes a process where quality becomes worse instead of better.)
|
degradation (Emphasizes a serious drop in quality or condition, the opposite of careful improvement.)
หัวข้อ
work
|science
|technology
|art
|education
|core_vocabulary
คำจำกัดความ
The slow, careful process of making something better or more exact, usually with many small changes.
The process of making something better, more accurate, or more effective, often through repeated careful changes.
คำนาม
C1
2
รูปแบบการใช้:
[someone] is a person of great refinement
Despite his wealth, he had very little refinement in his manners.
A gazdagsága ellenére nagyon kevés kifinomultság volt a modorában.
Her natural refinement made guests feel comfortable and respected.
Természetes kifinomultságának köszönhetően a vendégek fesztelenül és megbecsülve érezték magukat.
The restaurant aims for refinement rather than showy luxury.
Over time, her writing gained a refinement that impressed critics.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
He speaks with great refinement and calm.
Nagy kifinomultsággal és nyugalommal beszél.
The room shows refinement in every small detail.
A szoba minden apró részlete kifinomultságról árulkodik.
Her parents value education and social refinement.
His jokes are funny but do not show much refinement.
ข้อผิดพลาดที่พบบ่อย:
Learners sometimes think *refinement* only means 'being fancy' or 'rich'. It more exactly means polite, tasteful, and controlled behavior or style, which can appear in simple, not expensive, situations.
ความหมาย
elegant and cultured behavior
คำที่ใช้ร่วมกัน
a man of refinement
|a woman of great refinement
|with great refinement
|social refinement
|a lack of refinement
|cultural refinement
คำพ้องความหมาย
elegance (Focuses more on beauty and style than on manners or education.)
|
sophistication (Suggests worldliness and experience, sometimes also complexity, not only politeness.)
|
polish (Informal; often about smooth, practiced behavior or style gained through experience.)
คำตรงข้าม
rudeness (Opposite in terms of politeness and good manners.)
|
crudeness (Opposite in terms of being rough, uneducated, or lacking in culture and taste.)
หัวข้อ
social
|appearance
|culture
|daily_life
|relationships
|education
คำจำกัดความ
A quality of being polite and elegant, and showing good taste in how you behave, dress, or talk.
Polite, elegant, and cultured behavior, taste, or style that shows good education and social training.
คำนาม
B2
3
finomítás
B2
รูปแบบการใช้:
a refinement to [something]
The latest model includes several refinements that make it easier to use.
A legújabb modell több olyan finomítást tartalmaz, amelyek könnyebbé teszik a használatát.
After a few refinements to the layout, the website looked much cleaner.
Az elrendezésen végzett néhány finomítás után a weboldal sokkal letisztultabbnak tűnt.
They added a clever refinement to the handle so it folds flat.
The chef introduced a subtle refinement to the sauce by adding lemon zest.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
This phone has some refinements, like a better camera.
Ez a telefon kapott néhány finomítást, például jobb kamerát.
We made a small refinement to the plan before the meeting.
A megbeszélés előtt egy apró finomítást végeztünk a terven.
The teacher suggested a refinement to my final sentence.
The car’s new seat is a useful refinement for long trips.
ข้อผิดพลาดที่พบบ่อย:
Learners sometimes use *refinement* here when they mean a large or complete change. *Refinement* usually describes a small or detailed improvement, not a total redesign or big change.
ความหมาย
small change that improves something
คำที่ใช้ร่วมกัน
small refinements
|minor refinements
|final refinements
|technical refinements
|a further refinement
|add refinements
คำพ้องความหมาย
adjustment (General word for a small change; does not always suggest improvement in quality.)
|
enhancement (Emphasizes making something more attractive or powerful, not just slightly better overall.)
|
tweak (Informal; suggests a very small change, often in technology or design.)
คำตรงข้าม
flaw (A fault or problem in something, the opposite of an improving feature.)
|
drawback (A negative feature that makes something worse or less useful.)
หัวข้อ
technology
|work
|design
|daily_life
|core_vocabulary
คำจำกัดความ
A small change or extra part that makes something a little better.
A small change, adjustment, or additional feature that makes something slightly better, more comfortable, or more effective.
คำนาม
C1
TECHNICAL
4
finomítás
B2
รูปแบบการใช้:
the refinement of [a substance]
The country exports crude oil but lacks facilities for its refinement.
Az ország nyersolajat exportál, de nincsenek meg a finomításához szükséges létesítményei.
Sugar refinement removes color and impurities before packaging.
A cukorfinomítás során a csomagolás előtt eltávolítják a színt adó anyagokat és a szennyeződéseket.
Advances in metal refinement have reduced waste and energy use.
Strict safety rules apply during the refinement of toxic chemicals.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
Oil refinement takes place in a large factory.
A kőolaj finomítása egy nagy üzemben történik.
Refinement makes the sugar white and clean.
A finomítás fehérré és tisztává teszi a cukrot.
New machines make the refinement of metals faster.
Water refinement is important for safe drinking water.
ข้อผิดพลาดที่พบบ่อย:
Learners sometimes confuse *refinement* with *refinery*. *Refinement* is the process, while *refinery* is the place where the process happens.
ความหมาย
industrial removal of impurities
คำที่ใช้ร่วมกัน
oil refinement
|sugar refinement
|metal refinement
|refinement process
|refinement techniques
|refinement stage
คำพ้องความหมาย
purification (More general and can be used for water, air, or even moral ideas, not only industrial processes.)
|
processing (Broad technical term; may include many steps, not just removing impurities.)
คำตรงข้าม
contamination (The process of making a material dirty or unsafe by adding unwanted substances, the opposite of cleaning it.)
หัวข้อ
science
|industry
|technology
คำจำกัดความ
The factory or chemical process that cleans a raw material, like oil or sugar, by taking out other substances.
The industrial or chemical process of removing impurities or unwanted substances from a raw material such as oil, metal, or sugar.
คำนาม
C1
FORMAL
5
รูปแบบการใช้:
a refinement in [something]
Her argument showed a refinement of thought that impressed the committee.
Érvelése a gondolkodás olyan kifinomultságát mutatta, amely lenyűgözte a bizottságot.
The refinement of detail in the painting rewards close viewing.
A festmény részleteinek kifinomultsága meghálálja a közeli szemlélést.
Over time, the theory gained a level of refinement that made it widely accepted.
The new algorithm brings greater refinement to image recognition.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
The plan needs more refinement of detail.
A terv részleteit még kifinomultabbá kell tenni.
His music has a new refinement after many years of practice.
Sok év gyakorlás után újfajta kifinomultság jelent meg a zenéjében.
This model adds refinement to the old idea.
The design now has a high degree of refinement.
ข้อผิดพลาดที่พบบ่อย:
Learners may confuse this sense with simple 'improvement'. Here, *refinement* stresses very fine detail and high precision, not just being better in a general way.
ความหมาย
high precision or subtlety
คำที่ใช้ร่วมกัน
a high degree of refinement
|intellectual refinement
|stylistic refinement
|mathematical refinement
|refinement of detail
|refinement of analysis
คำพ้องความหมาย
subtlety (Focuses on fine, delicate differences that are not obvious.)
|
precision (Emphasizes exactness and accuracy more than delicacy or elegance.)
|
finesse (Suggests skillful, delicate handling, often in social or artistic contexts.)
คำตรงข้าม
roughness (Lacks smooth detail or fine structure, the opposite of delicacy and precision.)
|
crudeness (Suggests something simple, unpolished, or lacking fine detail.)
หัวข้อ
science
|art
|thought
|education
|core_vocabulary
คำจำกัดความ
A very high and fine level of detail or exactness in ideas, work, or style, usually because of long, careful work.
A high level of precision, delicacy, or subtle detail in ideas, methods, or forms, often achieved through careful thought or long development.
ไวยากรณ์
รูปคำในพจนานุกรม
refinement
IPA
GB/ɹɪfˈaɪnmənt/
US/ɹɪfˈaɪnmənt/
พยางค์และการเน้นเสียง
re - fine - ment (3 พยางค์)
Stress on 2nd syllable (fine)
รูปคำ
Noun
- Base: refinement
- Plural: refinement, refinements
กลุ่มคำที่เกี่ยวข้อง
วลีและสำนวน
a lack of refinement
1/ə lˈæk əv ɹɪfˈaɪnmənt/
fixed phrase
not polite or elegant
Not having polite, elegant, or cultured behavior or style.
ตัวอย่าง
- His loud jokes at dinner showed a real lack of refinement.
- The review criticized the film’s lack of refinement in both dialogue and visuals.
further refinement
1/fˈɚðɚ ɹɪfˈaɪnmənt/
fixed phrase
additional small improvement
One more small change that makes something even better after other changes.
ตัวอย่าง
- The draft is good but needs further refinement before publication.
- After some further refinement, the app will be ready for launch.
refinement of taste
1/ɹɪfˈaɪnmənt əv tˈeɪst/
fixed phrase
making tastes more sophisticated
The slow process of making a person’s likes and dislikes more careful, educated, and sensitive.
ตัวอย่าง
- Travel and reading contributed to his refinement of taste in food and art.
- Over the years, there was a clear refinement of taste in her choice of clothes.
to a high degree of refinement
1/tə ə hˈaɪ dɪɡɹˈi əv ɹɪfˈaɪnmənt/
fixed phrase
formal
to a very advanced level
To a very advanced and precise level of development.
ตัวอย่าง
- The technology has been developed to a high degree of refinement.
- Her technique on the violin has reached a high degree of refinement.
with great refinement
1/wˈɪθ ɡɹˈeɪt ɹɪfˈaɪnmənt/
fixed phrase
formal
in a very elegant or precise way
In a way that shows a lot of elegance, care, or fine detail.
ตัวอย่าง
- The dishes were prepared with great refinement and attention to detail.
- She handled the difficult question with great refinement and tact.