under
gb/ˈʌndɚ/ us/ˈʌndɚ/
A1
อังกฤษ
~ 1800
alatt, vonatkozik, kevesebb mint, alá, alul, alul-, hiányos létszámú, átlagon aluli
A1
1
alatt
A1
รูปแบบการใช้:
under [something]
The cat is hiding under the bed.
A macska az ágy alatt rejtőzik.
We sat under the tree for shade.
A fa alatt ültünk az árnyékban.
The boat passed under the bridge.
She wore a sweater under her coat.
The keys are under the newspaper.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
The ball is under the chair.
A labda a szék alatt van.
He is under the blanket.
A takaró alatt van.
The shoes are under the table.
The dog sleeps under the tree.
ข้อผิดพลาดที่พบบ่อย:
Learners sometimes confuse 'under' with 'below'. 'Below' is often used for measurements or levels, while 'under' is for physical position or being covered by something.
ความหมาย
in a lower position
คำที่ใช้ร่วมกัน
under the table
|under the bed
|under the bridge
|under the surface
คำพ้องความหมาย
beneath (Slightly more formal or literary, but same physical meaning.)
คำตรงข้าม
above (Indicates a higher position instead of a lower one.)
หัวข้อ
space
|daily life
|core_vocabulary
คำจำกัดความ
Lower than or covered by something.
In a position that is below or beneath something else.
B1
2
alatt
B1
vonatkozik
B1
รูปแบบการใช้:
under [condition/influence]
The company is under investigation.
A vállalat vizsgálat alatt áll.
She worked well under pressure.
Jól dolgozott nyomás alatt.
The troops are under orders to remain still.
We are under new management now.
Under the law, you must pay taxes.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
He is under stress at work.
A munkahelyén stressz alatt van.
The city is under new rules.
A városra új szabályok vonatkoznak.
She is under the teacher’s control.
They are under attack.
ข้อผิดพลาดที่พบบ่อย:
Learners may overuse 'under' for all influences; in some cases 'because of' or 'due to' is more natural.
ความหมาย
affected by something
คำที่ใช้ร่วมกัน
under pressure
|under control
|under the law
|under orders
คำพ้องความหมาย
subject to (More formal; used in legal or official contexts.)
คำตรงข้าม
free from (Indicates not being affected or controlled by something.)
หัวข้อ
society
|law
|core_vocabulary
คำจำกัดความ
Being in a situation where something affects or controls you.
Experiencing or controlled by a particular condition, influence, or authority.
A2
3
alatt
A2
รูปแบบการใช้:
under [number/amount/age]
Children under 12 get in free.
A 12 év alatti gyerekeknek ingyenes a belépés.
The repairs cost under $100.
A javítás kevesebb mint 100 dollárba került.
It took under an hour to finish.
There were under 50 people at the meeting.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
I am under 18 years old.
18 év alatti vagyok.
This book is under $5.
Ez a könyv kevesebb mint 5 dollárba kerül.
We waited under 10 minutes.
The bag weighs under 2 kilos.
ข้อผิดพลาดที่พบบ่อย:
Learners sometimes use 'below' for amounts; 'below' is possible but less common for age and money.
ความหมาย
less than a number/amount
คำที่ใช้ร่วมกัน
under 18
|under $10
|under 5 minutes
คำพ้องความหมาย
less than (Direct numerical comparison; interchangeable in many cases.)
คำตรงข้าม
over (More than a certain number, amount, or age.)
หัวข้อ
measurement
|statistics
|core_vocabulary
คำจำกัดความ
Smaller in number, amount, or age than something.
Less than a stated number, amount, or age.
B1
4
He dived and swam under.
Lebukott, és a víz alatt úszott.
The submarine disappeared under quickly.
A tengeralattjáró gyorsan a víz alá merült.
She looked under to see what was there.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
He went under to get the ring.
A víz alá merült, hogy megszerezze a gyűrűt.
The fish swam under quickly.
A hal gyorsan aláúszott.
Look under to find it.
ความหมาย
in a lower position/place
คำพ้องความหมาย
below (Often interchangeable in spatial contexts, but 'below' can be more formal.)
คำตรงข้าม
above (In a higher place instead of lower.)
หัวข้อ
space
|core_vocabulary
คำจำกัดความ
In a place lower than something else.
In or to a position beneath something else.
B2
5
His performance was under par today.
A teljesítménye ma átlagon aluli volt.
The team is under strength this season.
A csapat ebben a szezonban hiányos létszámú.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
The food was under par.
Az étel átlagon aluli volt.
Our team is under strength today.
A csapatunk ma hiányos létszámú.
ความหมาย
below standard level
คำที่ใช้ร่วมกัน
under strength
|under par
คำพ้องความหมาย
substandard (More formal; often used in official assessments.)
คำตรงข้าม
above average (Better than the normal standard.)
หัวข้อ
evaluation
|core_vocabulary
คำจำกัดความ
Not as good, big, or strong as expected.
Below the usual or expected standard in quality, performance, or quantity (often as a prefix).
ไวยากรณ์
รูปคำในพจนานุกรม
under
IPA
GB/ˈʌndɚ/
US/ˈʌndɚ/
พยางค์และการเน้นเสียง
un - der (2 พยางค์)
Stress on 1st syllable (un)
รูปคำ
Adjective
- Base: under
กลุ่มคำที่เกี่ยวข้อง
Core family
underneath
preposition, adverb A2
underline
verb A2
underwear
noun A2
underground
adjective, adverb A2
underwater
adjective, adverb A2
Related words
Advanced or less common
วลีและสำนวน
come under fire
1/kˈʌm ˈʌndɚ fˈaɪɚ/
idiom
receive strong criticism
To be criticized strongly by many people.
ตัวอย่าง
- The minister came under fire for his comments.
- The company came under fire over its safety record.
go under
1/ɡˈoʊ ˈʌndɚ/
phrasal verb
fail financially and close (business)
When a business fails and stops working because it has no money.
ตัวอย่าง
- Many small shops went under during the recession.
- If we lose this client, we could go under.
under way
1/ˈʌndɚ wˈeɪ/
fixed phrase
started and continuing process
Already started and happening now.
ตัวอย่าง
- The project is now under way.
- Repairs are under way after the storm.
under control
1/ˈʌndɚ kəntɹˈoʊl/
fixed phrase
successfully managed situation
When a problem or situation is being managed well and is not getting worse.
ตัวอย่าง
- The police finally got the situation under control.
- The fire is now under control.
- The disease is now under control thanks to vaccination.
- Everything is finally under control after the chaos.
under pressure
1/ˈʌndɚ pɹˈɛʃɚ/
fixed phrase
Experiencing stress from demands
Feeling stress because you have to do something difficult or important.
ตัวอย่าง
- I work better when I'm under pressure.
- She’s under a lot of pressure before exams.
under pressure
2/ˈʌndɚ pɹˈɛʃɚ/
fixed phrase
experiencing stress or demands
In a situation where you feel stressed because of many demands or problems.
ตัวอย่าง
- She performs well under pressure.
- I'm really under pressure at work this week.