fluctuation
gb/flˌʌkt͡ʃuˈeɪʃən/ us/flˌʌkt͡ʃuˈeɪʃən/
B2
อังกฤษ
~ 8100
ความหมาย
0 ความหมาย
คำนาม
B2
event
1
Irregular changes in level or amount
A series of small changes in the level or amount of something, going up and down over time.
รูปแบบการใช้:
fluctuation in [something]
ข้อผิดพลาดที่พบบ่อย:
Learners sometimes use 'fluctuation' when they mean a single change, saying *'a fluctuation in price from $5 to $10'* instead of simply 'a change in price'. 'Fluctuation' is normally used for a series of changes over time. Learners also sometimes say *'fluctuations of the temperature is high'*; the correct structure is 'temperature fluctuations are high' or 'there is a lot of fluctuation in the temperature'.
คำพ้องความหมาย
variation (More general and can be used for differences at one time as well as changes over time; 'fluctuation' focuses on ongoing up-and-down change.)
|
instability (Emphasizes lack of steadiness and can sound more negative, while 'fluctuation' can be neutral or descriptive.)
คำตรงข้าม
stability (Describes a state where something stays the same and does not change up and down over time.)
|
consistency (Stresses regularity and sameness, the opposite of something that keeps changing.)
คำที่ใช้ร่วมกัน
temperature fluctuation
|mood fluctuations
|hormonal fluctuations
|daily fluctuations
|small fluctuations
|wild fluctuations
หัวข้อ
general
|science
|daily_life
|core_vocabulary
ตัวอย่าง
- There has been a lot of fluctuation in the weather this month.
- The doctor said my energy levels show normal daily fluctuation.
- We noticed a sudden fluctuation in the water pressure last night.
- Mood fluctuation is common when you are under stress.
- The graph shows clear fluctuation in attendance over the year.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
- There is a big fluctuation in the temperature this week.
- We saw a fluctuation in the number of visitors each day.
- Her weight shows only a small fluctuation from month to month.
- The fluctuation in noise makes it hard to sleep.
- Fluctuation in my internet speed is very annoying.
คำนาม
technical
C1
event
2
Short-term economic ups and downs
Many quick changes in prices, demand, or money value over a short time.
รูปแบบการใช้:
fluctuation in [economic measure]
ข้อผิดพลาดที่พบบ่อย:
Learners may say *'the price is fluctuation'* instead of using the verb form 'the price is fluctuating' or the noun with a support verb, 'there is a fluctuation in the price'. They may also confuse 'inflation' (a general rise in prices) with 'fluctuation' (prices going up and down).
คำพ้องความหมาย
volatility (Common in finance to describe how strongly prices move; often sounds more technical and risk-focused than 'fluctuation'.)
|
market swings (More informal and emphasizes large, noticeable movements rather than any size of change.)
คำตรงข้าม
price stability (Describes a situation where prices stay nearly the same rather than moving up and down.)
|
steady growth (Emphasizes smooth, predictable increase, the opposite of irregular economic movement.)
คำที่ใช้ร่วมกัน
price fluctuations
|market fluctuations
|currency fluctuations
|exchange rate fluctuations
|fluctuations in demand
หัวข้อ
business
|economics
|finance
ตัวอย่าง
- The company blamed falling profits on sharp fluctuations in the euro–dollar exchange rate.
- Investors are worried about recent price fluctuations in the housing market.
- Our budget has to allow for fluctuations in fuel costs throughout the year.
- The central bank intervened to limit fluctuations in the national currency.
- Seasonal fluctuations in demand make it hard to plan our production.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
- The hotel changes its prices because of fluctuations in demand.
- Strong fluctuations in the stock market can scare new investors.
- We must prepare for fluctuations in the exchange rate.
- Price fluctuations make it difficult to plan our costs.
- The report explains recent fluctuations in oil prices.
คำนาม
technical
C2
event
3
Random deviations from an average value
Small, often random changes from the normal or average value in a scientific measurement.
รูปแบบการใช้:
fluctuation in [measured quantity]
ข้อผิดพลาดที่พบบ่อย:
Learners may confuse 'fluctuation' with 'oscillation'. 'Oscillation' suggests a regular back-and-forth pattern, while 'fluctuation' often refers to irregular or random changes around an average.
คำพ้องความหมาย
noise (In scientific and technical contexts, 'noise' is unwanted random fluctuation in a signal, not just any variation.)
|
perturbation (More formal and mathematical; often refers to a small change applied to a system, whereas 'fluctuation' can be naturally occurring.)
คำตรงข้าม
equilibrium (Describes a balanced state with no net change, where fluctuations are minimal or absent.)
|
constancy (Emphasizes remaining the same over time, without random deviation from the average.)
คำที่ใช้ร่วมกัน
random fluctuations
|thermal fluctuations
|quantum fluctuations
|pressure fluctuations
|signal fluctuations
หัวข้อ
science
|physics
|statistics
ตัวอย่าง
- The experiment measures tiny thermal fluctuations in the metal surface.
- Random fluctuations in the data can hide the underlying trend.
- Quantum fluctuations may have played a role in the formation of galaxies.
- We filtered out high-frequency fluctuations from the signal.
- The model assumes only small pressure fluctuations around the mean value.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
- The scientist studies small fluctuations in temperature.
- Random fluctuations in the signal make the data hard to read.
- We cannot avoid some fluctuation in our measurements.
- The chart shows fluctuations around the average line.
- The device is very sensitive to voltage fluctuations.
ไวยากรณ์
รูปคำในพจนานุกรม
fluctuation
IPA
GB/flˌʌkt͡ʃuˈeɪʃən/
US/flˌʌkt͡ʃuˈeɪʃən/
พยางค์และการเน้นเสียง
fluc - tu - ation (3 พยางค์)
Stress on 3rd syllable (ation)
รูปคำ
Noun
- Base: fluctuation
- Plural: fluctuation, fluctuations
กลุ่มคำที่เกี่ยวข้อง
วลีและสำนวน
ยังไม่มีวลีหรือสำนวนที่เชื่อมโยงกับคำนี้