marginal
gb/mˈɑɹd͡ʒənəl/ us/mˈɑɹd͡ʒənəl/
B2
อังกฤษ
~ 5800
ความหมาย
0 ความหมาย
adjective
B2
property
1
very small or not important
Very small in amount or effect, and not very important.
รูปแบบการใช้:
a marginal [difference/effect/improvement/impact]
ข้อผิดพลาดที่พบบ่อย:
Learners sometimes think "marginal" means "average" or "normal". In this sense, it means "very small" and often "not very important". Do not use it to describe something typical or moderate.
คำพ้องความหมาย
slight (Emphasizes small degree without necessarily implying low importance.)
|
minor (Stresses that something is not very important compared with other things.)
คำตรงข้าม
significant (Stresses that the size or effect is large enough to be important.)
|
considerable (Implies a fairly large amount or effect.)
คำที่ใช้ร่วมกัน
marginal difference
|marginal improvement
|marginal increase
|marginal effect
|marginal impact
|marginal role
หัวข้อ
daily life
|business
|politics
|core_vocabulary
ตัวอย่าง
- The new policy only had a marginal effect on sales.
- There was a marginal difference in test scores between the two groups.
- He played a marginal role in the project and was rarely consulted.
- We’ve seen only marginal improvement in air quality this year.
- The company reported a marginal increase in profits last quarter.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
- There was only a marginal change in price.
- The new rule made a marginal difference to our work.
- Her second test score was only marginally better than the first.
- The medicine gave him only marginal relief from pain.
- This plan offers only marginal benefits compared to the old one.
adjective
B2
property
2
barely good enough or successful
Only just good enough, successful, or safe; almost not acceptable.
รูปแบบการใช้:
a marginal [pass/win/case/performance]
ข้อผิดพลาดที่พบบ่อย:
Learners may confuse this sense with the "small or unimportant" sense. Here, "marginal" focuses on being very close to failing or not being acceptable, not just being small.
คำพ้องความหมาย
barely adequate (Highlights that something only just meets the minimum standard.)
|
borderline (Informal; suggests something is very close to failing or being unacceptable.)
คำตรงข้าม
solid (Describes performance or success that is clearly above the minimum standard.)
|
decisive (Describes success that is clear and far from marginal.)
คำที่ใช้ร่วมกัน
marginal pass
|marginal win
|marginal performance
|marginal case
|marginal safety margin
หัวข้อ
education
|sports
|safety
|core_vocabulary
ตัวอย่าง
- He got a marginal pass in mathematics and may need extra help.
- The team’s victory was marginal, and many fans felt they were lucky to win.
- Because of her marginal performance, the company decided not to renew her contract.
- They were living in marginal conditions, with just enough food and money to get by.
- The evidence is marginal at best, so the case may not stand up in court.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
- He got a marginal pass on the exam.
- The team had a marginal win by one point.
- Her result was marginal, so she was not happy.
- They live in very marginal conditions with little money.
- The safety level here is marginal, so we must be careful.
adjective
technical
C1
property
3
relating to one extra unit
(Economics) About the extra cost, benefit, or change when you produce or do one more of something.
รูปแบบการใช้:
marginal [cost/benefit/revenue/tax rate] of [something]
ข้อผิดพลาดที่พบบ่อย:
Learners often confuse "marginal" with "average" in economic terms. "Marginal" is about the next (extra) unit, while "average" is the total divided by the number of units.
คำพ้องความหมาย
incremental (General technical term for small step-by-step increases, not limited to economics.)
คำตรงข้าม
average (In economics, refers to total amount divided by quantity, not the additional unit.)
คำที่ใช้ร่วมกัน
marginal cost
|marginal benefit
|marginal revenue
|marginal utility
|marginal tax rate
หัวข้อ
business
|economics
|finance
ตัวอย่าง
- The company will expand production as long as marginal cost is below marginal revenue.
- Policy makers considered the marginal benefit of each additional dollar spent on healthcare.
- A progressive system increases the marginal tax rate as income rises.
- Economists use marginal analysis to decide how much of a product to produce.
- The marginal utility of each extra slice of cake decreases as you eat more.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
- In economics, we study marginal cost and marginal benefit.
- The firm looks at marginal cost before making more units.
- If marginal benefit is higher than marginal cost, production should increase.
- The marginal tax rate can change when your income goes up.
- Marginal analysis helps companies decide how much to produce.
adjective
C1
property
4
socially or economically on the edge
Outside the main part of society, with little power, money, or support.
รูปแบบการใช้:
marginal [groups/communities/positions] in [society/system]
ข้อผิดพลาดที่พบบ่อย:
Learners may confuse "marginal" with "marginalized". "Marginalized" is a verb/adjective that emphasizes the process of being pushed aside, while this sense of "marginal" describes the state or position of being on the edge of society.
คำพ้องความหมาย
disadvantaged (Focuses more on lack of money or opportunity than on being outside the mainstream.)
|
peripheral (More formal; suggests being on the outer edge of attention or importance.)
คำตรงข้าม
mainstream (Describes people or groups that are fully part of the dominant culture or system.)
|
privileged (Describes groups with more power, money, or advantages than most people.)
คำที่ใช้ร่วมกัน
marginal groups
|marginal communities
|marginal position
|marginal farmers
|marginal voices
หัวข้อ
society
|politics
|relationships
ตัวอย่าง
- The program aims to support marginal groups who are often ignored by policymakers.
- Many artists spend years in a marginal position before gaining recognition.
- The report highlights the struggles of marginal communities in rural areas.
- Marginal voices are rarely heard in the national debate.
- Economic reforms must consider the needs of people in marginal employment.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
- The government wants to help marginal groups in the city.
- Marginal communities often have poor schools and few jobs.
- Her research is about marginal people in big cities.
- Marginal voices are not heard in the media.
- Some farmers live in very marginal positions in the economy.
adjective
B2
property
5
at or related to an edge or margin
At or near the edge of something, or about the edge of something.
รูปแบบการใช้:
marginal [notes/areas/land]
ข้อผิดพลาดที่พบบ่อย:
Learners sometimes confuse this with the "small or unimportant" sense. In this sense, "marginal" is about physical or figurative position at the edge, not about importance.
คำพ้องความหมาย
edge (Often used only in context; describes something at the edge but not specifically in margins of a page.)
|
peripheral (More formal; stresses being at the outer edge or not central.)
คำตรงข้าม
central (Describes something located in the middle rather than at the edge.)
|
inner (Stresses being inside or away from the boundary or margin.)
คำที่ใช้ร่วมกัน
marginal notes
|marginal areas
|marginal land
|marginal zone
หัวข้อ
writing
|geography
|space
|core_vocabulary
ตัวอย่าง
- She wrote several marginal notes in the textbook while studying.
- The project focuses on marginal areas of the city that lack infrastructure.
- Farmers could only grow crops on marginal land with poor soil.
- The map highlights marginal zones that are at risk of flooding.
- Marginal comments in the manuscript were added by the editor.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
- I like to write small marginal notes in my books.
- There are many poor people living in marginal areas of the city.
- They can only use this marginal land for grazing animals.
- The teacher wrote a marginal comment next to my paragraph.
- This area is a marginal zone between the city and the forest.
adjective
technical
C2
property
6
relating to marginal statistics
(Statistics) About the distribution or chance of one variable when you ignore the other variables.
รูปแบบการใช้:
marginal [distribution/probability/totals] of [variable]
ข้อผิดพลาดที่พบบ่อย:
Learners may confuse "marginal" here with its everyday meaning of "small" or "unimportant". In statistics, "marginal" describes how the numbers are calculated, not how large or important they are.
คำพ้องความหมาย
aggregate (General word for combined values; does not specifically mean summing over other variables in statistics.)
คำตรงข้าม
joint (In statistics, refers to distributions or probabilities of variables considered together, not individually.)
คำที่ใช้ร่วมกัน
marginal distribution
|marginal probability
|marginal totals
หัวข้อ
statistics
|mathematics
|science
|education
ตัวอย่าง
- The table shows both the joint and marginal distributions of age and income.
- We first calculate the marginal probability of each outcome.
- Marginal totals are used to derive the marginal distribution for each variable.
- The researcher reported only marginal probabilities, not the full joint model.
- By summing the rows, you obtain the marginal distribution of X.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
- This chart shows the marginal distribution of gender.
- We can find the marginal probability by adding the row values.
- The marginal totals are written at the edge of the table.
- Students must know the difference between joint and marginal probabilities.
- To get the marginal distribution of X, ignore the values of Y.
ไวยากรณ์
รูปคำในพจนานุกรม
marginal
IPA
GB/mˈɑɹd͡ʒənəl/
US/mˈɑɹd͡ʒənəl/
พยางค์และการเน้นเสียง
mar - gin - al (3 พยางค์)
Stress on 1st syllable (mar)
รูปคำ
Adjective
- Base: marginal
กลุ่มคำที่เกี่ยวข้อง
Core family
margin
noun A2
marginally
adverb B2
Related words
marginalize
verb C1
marginalization
noun C1
Negative and opposite forms
central
adjective A2
Advanced or less common
marginality
noun C1
วลีและสำนวน
marginal benefit
1/mˈɑɹd͡ʒənəl bˈɛnəfɪt/
fixed phrase
technical
extra benefit of one more unit
The extra good result or satisfaction you get from using or doing one more unit of something.
ตัวอย่าง
- The government compared the marginal benefit of each program to its marginal cost.
- Consumers stop buying when marginal benefit falls below the price.
- We invest until the marginal benefit of another dollar spent is zero.
marginal cost
1/mˈɑɹd͡ʒənəl kˈɔst/
fixed phrase
technical
additional cost of one more unit
The extra cost to make one more unit of a product or service.
ตัวอย่าง
- If the price is higher than marginal cost, the firm will increase production.
- Economists often assume that marginal cost rises as output increases.
- We need to calculate the marginal cost before deciding to expand the factory.
marginal improvement
1/mˈɑɹd͡ʒənəl ɪmpɹˈuvmənt/
fixed phrase
very small improvement
A change that makes something a little better, but not much.
ตัวอย่าง
- The new software offers only marginal improvement over the old version.
- There has been marginal improvement in unemployment figures this year.
- Training led to marginal improvement in the team’s performance.
marginal increase
1/mˈɑɹd͡ʒənəl ˈɪŋkɹis/
fixed phrase
very small increase
A very small rise in number, size, or level.
ตัวอย่าง
- The company reported a marginal increase in profits.
- There was only a marginal increase in temperature overnight.
- We saw a marginal increase in customer satisfaction after the changes.
marginal note
1/mˈɑɹd͡ʒənəl nˈoʊt/
fixed phrase
note written in the margin
A small comment or explanation written at the side of a page.
ตัวอย่าง
- The editor added a marginal note to clarify the argument.
- Students were asked to make marginal notes while reading the text.
- I wrote a marginal note to remind myself to check that data.
marginal seat
1/mˈɑɹd͡ʒənəl sˈit/
fixed phrase
technical
electoral district with close results
A voting area where the winning party can easily change because the vote is usually very close.
ตัวอย่าง
- Parties spend a lot of money campaigning in marginal seats.
- The election will be decided in just a few marginal seats.
- He lost his marginal seat after a small swing to the opposition.
marginal tax rate
1/mˈɑɹd͡ʒənəl tˈæks ɹˈeɪt/
fixed phrase
technical
tax rate on next unit of income
The percentage of tax you pay on the next dollar (or unit) of income you earn.
ตัวอย่าง
- A higher marginal tax rate can discourage people from working extra hours.
- The reform lowers the marginal tax rate for middle-income earners.
- You should look at your marginal tax rate, not just your average rate.
marginal utility
1/mˈɑɹd͡ʒənəl jutˈɪləti/
fixed phrase
technical
extra satisfaction from one more unit
The extra satisfaction you feel when you consume one more unit of a product.
ตัวอย่าง
- According to the law of diminishing marginal utility, each extra slice of pizza brings less pleasure.
- Economists use marginal utility to explain why demand curves slope downward.
- Her marginal utility from another cup of coffee was almost zero.