retrospective
gb/ɹˌɛtɹəspˈɛktɪv/ us/ɹˌɛtɹəspˈɛktɪv/
C1
อังกฤษ
ความหมาย
0 ความหมาย
adjective
C1
property
1
looking back at the past
thinking about the past
รูปแบบการใช้:
a retrospective [look/view/assessment] (at/on [something])
ข้อผิดพลาดที่พบบ่อย:
Often confused with prospective (looking to the future) or with retroactive (having legal effect in the past).
คำพ้องความหมาย
reflective (Emphasizes careful thought, not just looking back in time.)
|
backward-looking (Often suggests too much focus on the past.)
คำตรงข้าม
prospective (Focuses on what may happen in the future.)
|
forward-looking (Emphasizes planning or optimism about the future.)
คำที่ใช้ร่วมกัน
retrospective look
|retrospective view
|retrospective glance
|retrospective assessment
|retrospective analysis
|retrospective account
|retrospective essay
|retrospective review
|retrospective reflection
|in a retrospective mood
หัวข้อ
time
|thinking
|writing
ตัวอย่าง
- The memoir takes a retrospective look at his childhood in the 1980s.
- She wrote a retrospective essay about the choices that shaped her career.
- The report is retrospective, focusing on what went wrong last year.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
- He wrote a retrospective story about his school days.
- The film is retrospective and thoughtful.
คำนาม
C1
event
2
exhibition of an artist’s past work
a show of someone’s past work
รูปแบบการใช้:
a retrospective (of/on) [artist/creator]
ข้อผิดพลาดที่พบบ่อย:
Learners may say *retrospection* when they mean an art show; the common noun for the show is retrospective.
คำพ้องความหมาย
survey (Often used in art contexts; can be less comprehensive than a retrospective.)
|
career overview (Plain-language alternative; less tied to exhibitions.)
คำตรงข้าม
premiere (A first showing of new work, not a look back.)
คำที่ใช้ร่วมกัน
career retrospective
|museum retrospective
|major retrospective
|photography retrospective
|film retrospective
|a retrospective of Picasso
|a retrospective on her work
|open a retrospective
|stage a retrospective
|curate a retrospective
หัวข้อ
art
|culture
|media
ตัวอย่าง
- The museum is hosting a retrospective of her early paintings.
- We went to a film retrospective featuring his first three movies.
- The gallery announced a major retrospective marking the photographer’s 50-year career.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
- The museum has a retrospective of the artist.
- I visited a retrospective of old films.
คำนาม
business
C1
event
3
team meeting to review past work
a meeting to learn from past work
รูปแบบการใช้:
run/hold a retrospective (on [project/sprint])
ข้อผิดพลาดที่พบบ่อย:
Often shortened to retro in some workplaces; that is informal jargon and not always understood outside tech teams.
คำพ้องความหมาย
post-mortem (Often used after problems or failures; can sound harsher.)
|
debrief (More general; can be shorter and less structured.)
คำตรงข้าม
planning meeting (Focused on future work rather than past performance.)
คำที่ใช้ร่วมกัน
sprint retrospective
|project retrospective
|team retrospective
|monthly retrospective
|run a retrospective
|hold a retrospective
|facilitate a retrospective
|retrospective meeting
|retrospective notes
|retrospective action items
หัวข้อ
business
|work
|software
ตัวอย่าง
- Let’s do a retrospective after the release to capture lessons learned.
- In the sprint retrospective, the team agreed to reduce unplanned work.
- We scheduled a retrospective on the project to improve our process.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
- We had a retrospective after the project.
- The team shared ideas in the retrospective.
adjective
C1
property
4
covering a person’s earlier work
showing past work from earlier years
รูปแบบการใช้:
a retrospective [exhibition/show/collection/season]
ข้อผิดพลาดที่พบบ่อย:
Do not confuse with retro (a style that imitates the past). Retrospective is about looking back at real past work.
คำพ้องความหมาย
career-spanning (Highlights covering a long period, especially a whole career.)
|
overview (More general and less tied to an official presentation.)
คำตรงข้าม
new (Focused on recent or original work, not earlier work.)
คำที่ใช้ร่วมกัน
retrospective exhibition
|retrospective show
|retrospective collection
|retrospective season
|retrospective screening
|retrospective anthology
|retrospective volume
|retrospective display
|retrospective program
|retrospective feature
หัวข้อ
art
|media
|culture
ตัวอย่าง
- The cinema is running a retrospective series of her films.
- They released a retrospective collection of his best essays.
- The magazine published a retrospective feature on the band’s early years.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
- The theater has a retrospective program this month.
- I bought a retrospective book of his photos.
adjective
formal
C2
property
5
having effect on the past
changing past situations by a new rule
รูปแบบการใช้:
retrospective [law/legislation/tax/change]
ข้อผิดพลาดที่พบบ่อย:
In this sense, retrospective is close to retroactive; many contexts prefer retroactive, especially in everyday speech.
คำพ้องความหมาย
retroactive (More common in everyday legal/official contexts.)
คำตรงข้าม
prospective (Applying only to the future, not the past.)
คำที่ใช้ร่วมกัน
retrospective legislation
|retrospective law
|retrospective tax
|retrospective change
|retrospective application
|retrospective effect
|retrospective penalty
|retrospective rule
|retrospective amendment
|retrospective measure
หัวข้อ
law
|government
|time
ตัวอย่าง
- The court ruled that the new regulation could not be applied retrospectively.
- Critics argued that the retrospective tax was unfair to small businesses.
- The policy change was not meant to have retrospective effect.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
- The new rule was not retrospective.
- They rejected a retrospective law.
adjective
technical
C1
property
6
based on past data or records
using old records to study something
รูปแบบการใช้:
a retrospective [study/analysis/review]
ข้อผิดพลาดที่พบบ่อย:
Learners may overuse it where past simple is enough; this sense is most common in research, medicine, and data analysis.
คำพ้องความหมาย
historical (Broader; can mean about the past in general, not specifically based on existing records.)
|
record-based (More explicit about using existing documents or data.)
คำตรงข้าม
prospective (Collecting data going forward over time.)
คำที่ใช้ร่วมกัน
retrospective study
|retrospective analysis
|retrospective review
|retrospective cohort
|retrospective chart review
|retrospective data
|retrospective design
|retrospective audit
|retrospective evaluation
|retrospective database
หัวข้อ
health
|science
|research
ตัวอย่าง
- The researchers conducted a retrospective study using hospital records.
- This is a retrospective analysis of sales data from the last five years.
- They performed a retrospective review to identify patterns in patient outcomes.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
- The doctor read a retrospective study.
- We did a retrospective analysis of old data.
ไวยากรณ์
รูปคำในพจนานุกรม
retrospective
IPA
GB/ɹˌɛtɹəspˈɛktɪv/
US/ɹˌɛtɹəspˈɛktɪv/
พยางค์และการเน้นเสียง
ret - ro - spect - ive (4 พยางค์)
Stress on 3rd syllable (spect)
รูปคำ
Adjective
- Base: retrospective
Noun
- Base: retrospective
- Plural: retrospectives
วลีและสำนวน
in retrospect
1/ˈɪn ɹˈɛtɹəspˌɛkt/
fixed phrase
looking back and rethinking
when you think about the past now
ตัวอย่าง
- In retrospect, the warning signs were obvious.
- It felt like a disaster at the time, but in retrospect it taught me a lot.
- In retrospect, we should have taken the earlier flight.
in retrospect
1/ˈɪn ɹˈɛtɹəspˌɛkt/
fixed phrase
thinking back with hindsight
now, looking back at the past
ตัวอย่าง
- In retrospect, I should have asked more questions before agreeing.
- It seemed like a good idea then, but in retrospect it was a mistake.
- In retrospect, the warning signs were obvious.