under
gb/ˈʌndɚ/ us/ˈʌndɚ/
A1
อังกฤษ
~ 1800
ความหมาย
0 ความหมาย
preposition
A1
relation
1
in a lower position
Lower than or covered by something.
รูปแบบการใช้:
under [something]
ข้อผิดพลาดที่พบบ่อย:
Learners sometimes confuse 'under' with 'below'. 'Below' is often used for measurements or levels, while 'under' is for physical position or being covered by something.
คำพ้องความหมาย
beneath (Slightly more formal or literary, but same physical meaning.)
คำตรงข้าม
above (Indicates a higher position instead of a lower one.)
คำที่ใช้ร่วมกัน
under the table
|under the bed
|under the bridge
|under the surface
หัวข้อ
space
|daily life
|core_vocabulary
ตัวอย่าง
- The cat is hiding under the bed.
- We sat under the tree for shade.
- The boat passed under the bridge.
- She wore a sweater under her coat.
- The keys are under the newspaper.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
- The ball is under the chair.
- He is under the blanket.
- The shoes are under the table.
- The dog sleeps under the tree.
preposition
B1
relation
2
affected by something
Being in a situation where something affects or controls you.
รูปแบบการใช้:
under [condition/influence]
ข้อผิดพลาดที่พบบ่อย:
Learners may overuse 'under' for all influences; in some cases 'because of' or 'due to' is more natural.
คำพ้องความหมาย
subject to (More formal; used in legal or official contexts.)
คำตรงข้าม
free from (Indicates not being affected or controlled by something.)
คำที่ใช้ร่วมกัน
under pressure
|under control
|under the law
|under orders
หัวข้อ
society
|law
|core_vocabulary
ตัวอย่าง
- The company is under investigation.
- She worked well under pressure.
- The troops are under orders to remain still.
- We are under new management now.
- Under the law, you must pay taxes.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
- He is under stress at work.
- The city is under new rules.
- She is under the teacher’s control.
- They are under attack.
preposition
A2
relation
3
less than a number/amount
Smaller in number, amount, or age than something.
รูปแบบการใช้:
under [number/amount/age]
ข้อผิดพลาดที่พบบ่อย:
Learners sometimes use 'below' for amounts; 'below' is possible but less common for age and money.
คำพ้องความหมาย
less than (Direct numerical comparison; interchangeable in many cases.)
คำตรงข้าม
over (More than a certain number, amount, or age.)
คำที่ใช้ร่วมกัน
under 18
|under $10
|under 5 minutes
หัวข้อ
measurement
|statistics
|core_vocabulary
ตัวอย่าง
- Children under 12 get in free.
- The repairs cost under $100.
- It took under an hour to finish.
- There were under 50 people at the meeting.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
- I am under 18 years old.
- This book is under $5.
- We waited under 10 minutes.
- The bag weighs under 2 kilos.
adverb
B1
relation
4
in a lower position/place
In a place lower than something else.
คำพ้องความหมาย
below (Often interchangeable in spatial contexts, but 'below' can be more formal.)
คำตรงข้าม
above (In a higher place instead of lower.)
หัวข้อ
space
|core_vocabulary
ตัวอย่าง
- He dived and swam under.
- The submarine disappeared under quickly.
- She looked under to see what was there.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
- He went under to get the ring.
- The fish swam under quickly.
- Look under to find it.
adjective
B2
property
5
below standard level
Not as good, big, or strong as expected.
คำพ้องความหมาย
substandard (More formal; often used in official assessments.)
คำตรงข้าม
above average (Better than the normal standard.)
คำที่ใช้ร่วมกัน
under strength
|under par
หัวข้อ
evaluation
|core_vocabulary
ตัวอย่าง
- His performance was under par today.
- The team is under strength this season.
ตัวอย่างสำหรับผู้เรียน
- The food was under par.
- Our team is under strength today.
ไวยากรณ์
รูปคำในพจนานุกรม
under
IPA
GB/ˈʌndɚ/
US/ˈʌndɚ/
พยางค์และการเน้นเสียง
un - der (2 พยางค์)
Stress on 1st syllable (un)
รูปคำ
Adjective
- Base: under
กลุ่มคำที่เกี่ยวข้อง
Core family
underneath
preposition, adverb A2
underline
verb A2
underwear
noun A2
underground
adjective, adverb A2
underwater
adjective, adverb A2
Related words
Advanced or less common
วลีและสำนวน
come under fire
1/kˈʌm ˈʌndɚ fˈaɪɚ/
idiom
receive strong criticism
To be criticized strongly by many people.
ตัวอย่าง
- The minister came under fire for his comments.
- The company came under fire over its safety record.
go under
1/ɡˈoʊ ˈʌndɚ/
phrasal verb
fail financially and close (business)
When a business fails and stops working because it has no money.
ตัวอย่าง
- Many small shops went under during the recession.
- If we lose this client, we could go under.
under way
1/ˈʌndɚ wˈeɪ/
fixed phrase
started and continuing process
Already started and happening now.
ตัวอย่าง
- The project is now under way.
- Repairs are under way after the storm.
under control
1/ˈʌndɚ kəntɹˈoʊl/
fixed phrase
successfully managed situation
When a problem or situation is being managed well and is not getting worse.
ตัวอย่าง
- The police finally got the situation under control.
- The fire is now under control.
- The disease is now under control thanks to vaccination.
- Everything is finally under control after the chaos.
under pressure
1/ˈʌndɚ pɹˈɛʃɚ/
fixed phrase
Experiencing stress from demands
Feeling stress because you have to do something difficult or important.
ตัวอย่าง
- I work better when I'm under pressure.
- She’s under a lot of pressure before exams.
under pressure
2/ˈʌndɚ pɹˈɛʃɚ/
fixed phrase
experiencing stress or demands
In a situation where you feel stressed because of many demands or problems.
ตัวอย่าง
- She performs well under pressure.
- I'm really under pressure at work this week.