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انگریزی

arbitrary

gb/ˈɑɹbɪtɹˌɛɹi/ us/ˈɑɹbɪtɹˌɛɹi/
B2 انگریزی
~ 6600
معانی
0 معانی
adjective C1 property
1

based on personal will, not reason

Decided in a way that does not follow clear rules or good reason, and may seem like a random or personal choice.

استعمال کا انداز: an arbitrary [decision/choice/rule/limit]
عام غلطی:
Learners often use 'arbitrary' when they only mean 'any' (e.g. *"Choose an arbitrary book"* when they simply mean *"Choose any book"*). 'Arbitrary' usually carries a negative feeling that the choice has no good reason or is unfair, not just that it is free. Learners also sometimes confuse it with 'strict', which has the opposite idea of following firm rules.
ہم معنی الفاظ
random (Suggests lack of clear plan or pattern; can sound less formal and more about chance than about unfairness.) | capricious (Stronger sense of sudden change in mood or desire; often more emotional and negative than 'arbitrary'.)
متضاد الفاظ
systematic (Stresses following a clear system or method, the opposite of being done without structure.) | rational (Highlights being based on good reason and logic, not personal whim.)
لفظی تراکیب
arbitrary decision |arbitrary choice |arbitrary rule |arbitrary limit |seem arbitrary |completely arbitrary
موضوعات
thinking |law |business |core_vocabulary
مثالیں
  • The manager’s choice of who gets promoted felt completely arbitrary.
  • The teacher set an arbitrary deadline that gave us only one day to finish the project.
  • The colors on the chart aren’t meaningful; they’re just arbitrary labels.
  • Customers complained that the bank’s fees seemed arbitrary and unfair.
سیکھنے والوں کے لیے مثالیں
  • The rules in that game are very arbitrary.
  • His decision to move to another city was almost arbitrary.
  • The company made an arbitrary change to its return policy.
  • The order of the names on the list is arbitrary.
  • Many students think the school dress code is arbitrary.
adjective formal C1 property
2

using power without legal limits

Used about power or control when someone acts as they want, without following law or being fair.

استعمال کا انداز: arbitrary [arrest/detention/use of power/rule]
عام غلطی:
Learners sometimes use this sense in everyday personal situations where the political or legal meaning is too strong (e.g. *"My mom is very arbitrary"* can sound like she rules like a dictator). For family or workplace contexts, the more general sense of 'unfair' or 'random' is usually better unless you really mean abuse of formal power.
ہم معنی الفاظ
authoritarian (Emphasizes strict control by authority; may follow rules, while 'arbitrary' stresses acting without fair rules.) | despotic (Stronger and more emotional; suggests cruel and absolute power, while 'arbitrary' focuses on lack of legal or rational limits.)
متضاد الفاظ
lawful (Highlights that actions follow the law, unlike arbitrary actions which ignore or break legal standards.) | accountable (Stresses that those in power must explain and justify their actions, unlike arbitrary rule.)
لفظی تراکیب
arbitrary arrest |arbitrary detention |arbitrary rule |arbitrary power |arbitrary government |arbitrary use of authority
موضوعات
law |politics |human-rights
مثالیں
  • Human rights groups condemned the government for arbitrary arrests of protesters.
  • Citizens lived in fear of the leader’s arbitrary use of power.
  • The court ruled that the travel ban was an arbitrary and unlawful restriction on movement.
  • They argued that arbitrary detention without trial violates international law.
سیکھنے والوں کے لیے مثالیں
  • People were angry about the government’s arbitrary arrests.
  • In some countries, leaders have almost arbitrary power.
  • Arbitrary detention is a serious human rights problem.
  • The judge said the new law gave the police arbitrary authority.
  • They want to stop arbitrary use of force by the police.
adjective technical B2 property
3

any value, not a special one

Used in math, logic, or computing to mean that a number or thing is not special, and can be any value that fits the rule.

استعمال کا انداز: an arbitrary [number/value/point/function]
عام غلطی:
Learners often misunderstand 'arbitrary' in math texts as meaning 'random' in the sense of 'generated by chance'. In many cases it just means 'any value you like', without implying that a random process was used.
ہم معنی الفاظ
any (In technical writing, 'any' is often used in the same way, but 'arbitrary' sounds more formal and precise.) | non-specific (Stresses that no particular item is meant, similar to 'arbitrary' in technical contexts but less standard in math writing.)
متضاد الفاظ
specific (Means a clearly chosen or identified value, the opposite of an arbitrary one.) | fixed (Stresses that the value does not change and has been exactly set.)
لفظی تراکیب
arbitrary number |arbitrary value |arbitrary point |arbitrary function |arbitrary constant
موضوعات
science |technology |mathematics |education
مثالیں
  • Let x be an arbitrary real number greater than zero.
  • The algorithm selects an arbitrary element from the list as a starting point.
  • We can choose an arbitrary point on the line to illustrate the theorem.
  • This function returns an arbitrary value between 0 and 1 for testing purposes.
سیکھنے والوں کے لیے مثالیں
  • Let n be an arbitrary integer.
  • Choose an arbitrary point on the circle.
  • The program picks an arbitrary number to begin the search.
  • We use an arbitrary value here, because the exact value is not important.
adjective technical C2 property
4

based on a chosen relative scale

Used about measurements when the numbers are only for comparing things with each other, not for showing a true physical size or amount.

استعمال کا انداز: an arbitrary [unit/scale/origin/reference point]
عام غلطی:
Learners may think 'arbitrary units' means the data are meaningless or incorrect. In fact, it usually means the scale is useful for comparison but not directly tied to a standard physical unit like meters or seconds.
ہم معنی الفاظ
relative (Focuses on values only having meaning in comparison, which is often what 'arbitrary' implies in scientific scales.)
متضاد الفاظ
absolute (Describes measurements based on a fixed physical standard, the opposite of arbitrary units or scales.) | standardized (Indicates use of agreed, official units, unlike arbitrary ones chosen just for local convenience.)
لفظی تراکیب
arbitrary units |arbitrary scale |arbitrary origin |arbitrary reference point
موضوعات
science |measurement |technology
مثالیں
  • The fluorescence intensity is reported in arbitrary units on the y‑axis.
  • We defined an arbitrary zero point on the scale to simplify the calculations.
  • Because the measurements are in arbitrary units, only relative changes are meaningful.
  • The diagram shows energy on an arbitrary vertical scale for comparison.
سیکھنے والوں کے لیے مثالیں
  • The graph shows the signal in arbitrary units.
  • We use an arbitrary scale to compare the two results.
  • This number is in arbitrary units, not in volts or amps.
  • Only the shape of the curve matters; the vertical axis is arbitrary.
گرامر
لغت میں درج شکل
arbitrary
IPA
GB/ˈɑɹbɪtɹˌɛɹi/
US/ˈɑɹbɪtɹˌɛɹi/
ہجا بندی اور زور
ar - bit - rary (3 ہجے)
Stress on 1st syllable (ar)
لفظ کی شکلیں
Adjective
  • Base: arbitrary
متعلقہ الفاظ
Core family
arbitrarily adverb arbitrariness noun
Related words
arbitrate verb C1 arbitration noun C1 arbitrator noun C1
Negative and opposite forms
non-arbitrary adjective
Advanced or less common
arbiter noun
عبارات

arbitrary and capricious

1
/ˈɑɹbɪtɹˌɛɹi ˈænd kəpɹˈɪʃəs/
fixed phrase formal

unreasonable and unpredictably changing (law)

Used especially in law to describe actions by a government or official that do not follow law or reason and change with personal wishes.

مثالیں
  • The court found the agency’s decision to be arbitrary and capricious.
  • Residents argued that the new zoning rules were arbitrary and capricious and should be overturned.
  • The judge said the policy changes appeared arbitrary and capricious, lacking any clear justification.

arbitrary arrest

1
/ˈɑɹbɪtɹˌɛɹi ɚˈɛst/
fixed phrase formal

arrest without legal reason

Arresting someone without a clear legal reason or without following the law and fair rules.

مثالیں
  • Witnesses reported arbitrary arrests of peaceful demonstrators.
  • The organization monitors cases of arbitrary arrest around the world.
  • They filed a complaint over the arbitrary arrest of union leaders.

arbitrary detention

1
/ˈɑɹbɪtɹˌɛɹi dɪtˈɛnʃən/
fixed phrase formal

detention without legal reason

Keeping someone in prison or in custody without a clear legal reason or fair process.

مثالیں
  • International observers condemned the arbitrary detention of journalists.
  • The report documents cases of arbitrary detention and torture by security forces.
  • Activists are campaigning to end arbitrary detention in the region.
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