authoritarianism
gb/əθˌɔɹɪtˈɛɹiənˌɪzəm/ us/əθˌɔɹɪtˈɛɹiənˌɪzəm/
C1
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معانی
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اسم
C1
abstract
1
authoritarian political rule
a way of governing in which leaders have a lot of power, people are expected to obey, and opposition is limited
استعمال کا انداز:
the rise/spread of authoritarianism; authoritarianism in [country/society]
عام غلطی:
Usually uncountable: say “the rise of authoritarianism,” not “the rise of authoritarianisms,” unless discussing different types.
ہم معنی الفاظ
autocracy (emphasizes rule by one person or a small group)
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dictatorship (refers more to a specific regime than to the broader principle)
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despotism (stronger or more literary; suggests harsh absolute power)
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totalitarianism (more extreme; suggests control over nearly all areas of life)
متضاد الفاظ
democracy (political power is accountable to the people through participation and elections)
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liberalism (emphasizes individual rights and limits on state power)
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pluralism (allows multiple groups and viewpoints to share public life)
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constitutionalism (limits rulers through law and institutions)
لفظی تراکیب
rise of authoritarianism
|spread of authoritarianism
|return of authoritarianism
|slide into authoritarianism
|resist authoritarianism
|fight authoritarianism
|political authoritarianism
|military authoritarianism
|one-party authoritarianism
|authoritarianism and democracy
موضوعات
politics
|government
|society
|human_rights
مثالیں
- The report warned of a global rise in authoritarianism.
- After the coup, the country slid rapidly into authoritarianism.
- Critics say the law is a step toward authoritarianism because it weakens independent courts.
سیکھنے والوں کے لیے مثالیں
- The people protested against authoritarianism.
- The leader promised to fight authoritarianism.
اسم
C1
property
2
controlling obedience-focused leadership
a way of leading, teaching, or parenting in which one person demands obedience and does not allow much discussion
استعمال کا انداز:
authoritarianism in [family/workplace/classroom]; [someone]'s authoritarianism
عام غلطی:
Do not confuse authoritarianism with authoritativeness: authoritativeness suggests knowledge or reliability, while authoritarianism suggests control and forced obedience.
ہم معنی الفاظ
domination (broader; emphasizes control over others)
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high-handedness (focuses on arrogant use of authority)
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rigidity (focuses on inflexibility rather than power itself)
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autocracy (used when one person controls an organization or group)
متضاد الفاظ
permissiveness (allows more freedom and fewer demands)
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participative leadership (involves others in decisions)
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openness (welcomes questions and different views)
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egalitarianism (emphasizes equal status rather than hierarchy)
لفظی تراکیب
parental authoritarianism
|managerial authoritarianism
|institutional authoritarianism
|religious authoritarianism
|workplace authoritarianism
|classroom authoritarianism
|everyday authoritarianism
|deep-seated authoritarianism
|reject authoritarianism
|oppose authoritarianism
موضوعات
management
|education
|family
|psychology
|society
مثالیں
- Employees complained about the manager's authoritarianism and lack of consultation.
- Her parenting avoided both permissiveness and authoritarianism.
- The movement rejected the authoritarianism of the old school system.
سیکھنے والوں کے لیے مثالیں
- The boss's authoritarianism made people afraid to speak.
- The school tried to reduce authoritarianism in the classroom.
گرامر
لغت میں درج شکل
authoritarianism
IPA
GB/əθˌɔɹɪtˈɛɹiənˌɪzəm/
US/əθˌɔɹɪtˈɛɹiənˌɪzəm/
ہجا بندی اور زور
au - thor - it - ari - an - ism (6 ہجے)
Stress on 4th syllable (ari)
لفظ کی شکلیں
Noun
- Base: authoritarianism
- Plural: authoritarianism, authoritarianisms
عبارات
competitive authoritarianism
1/kəmpˈɛtɪtɪv əθˌɔɹɪtˈɛɹiənˌɪzəm/
fixed phrase
technical
unfair but existing political competition
a system where opposition exists, but the rulers make competition very unfair
مثالیں
- The country still held elections, but many scholars classified it as competitive authoritarianism.
- In competitive authoritarianism, courts and media may formally exist while being used to protect the ruling party.
creeping authoritarianism
1/kɹˈipɪŋ əθˌɔɹɪtˈɛɹiənˌɪzəm/
fixed phrase
gradual drift toward authoritarian rule
a slow move toward stricter control and less freedom
مثالیں
- The journalists described the new media restrictions as creeping authoritarianism.
- Many voters did not notice the creeping authoritarianism until the courts had been weakened.
digital authoritarianism
1/dˈɪd͡ʒɪtəl əθˌɔɹɪtˈɛɹiənˌɪzəm/
fixed phrase
technology-enabled authoritarian control
using technology to watch, censor, or control people for political power
مثالیں
- Human rights groups warned that the new surveillance platform could deepen digital authoritarianism.
- The conference focused on digital authoritarianism, online censorship, and state-sponsored disinformation.
electoral authoritarianism
1/ɪlˈɛktɚəl əθˌɔɹɪtˈɛɹiənˌɪzəm/
fixed phrase
technical
unfair elections under authoritarian rule
a system with elections, but the elections are controlled or unfair, so leaders usually cannot be removed
مثالیں
- Analysts described the regime as electoral authoritarianism rather than a democracy.
- Under electoral authoritarianism, opposition parties may appear on the ballot but face censorship, intimidation, or legal barriers.
right-wing authoritarianism
1/ɹˈaɪt wˈɪŋ əθˌɔɹɪtˈɛɹiənˌɪzəm/
fixed phrase
technical
right-wing obedience to authority
a set of right-wing attitudes that strongly favor authority, order, and punishment of people seen as threats
مثالیں
- Researchers used a survey scale to measure right-wing authoritarianism.
- The party's critics accused it of encouraging right-wing authoritarianism.
soft authoritarianism
1/sˈɔft əθˌɔɹɪtˈɛɹiənˌɪzəm/
fixed phrase
formal
less overt authoritarian control
authoritarian rule that looks less harsh but still limits real political freedom
مثالیں
- Observers argued that the government was moving toward soft authoritarianism through legal pressure on the press.
- Soft authoritarianism may preserve business freedom while limiting criticism of the ruling party.