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انگریزی

espionage

gb/ˈɛspiənɑd͡ʒ/ us/ˈɛspiənɑd͡ʒ/
C1 انگریزی
معانی
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1

secret spying for information

Secretly finding out another country’s, organization’s, or company’s private information.

استعمال کا انداز: [someone] engages in espionage; [someone] is accused of espionage; espionage against [a country/company]
عام غلطی:
Espionage is usually uncountable: say cases of espionage or acts of espionage, not espions or espionages.
ہم معنی الفاظ
spying (more common and less formal) | intelligence gathering (broader and often more neutral or official) | covert surveillance (emphasizes secret observation rather than obtaining secrets)
متضاد الفاظ
counterespionage (work to detect or prevent espionage rather than carry it out) | transparency (open sharing of information rather than secret collection)
لفظی تراکیب
conduct espionage |engage in espionage |be accused of espionage |be charged with espionage |be convicted of espionage |espionage activities |espionage operation |espionage network |foreign espionage |military espionage
موضوعات
intelligence |security |politics |military |business |crime
مثالیں
  • The engineer was arrested on charges of espionage after allegedly passing trade secrets to a foreign government.
  • The agency denied that its diplomats had been involved in espionage.
  • Modern espionage often depends as much on hacking as on traditional spies.
سیکھنے والوں کے لیے مثالیں
  • He was accused of espionage.
  • Espionage is secret work to get important information.
گرامر
لغت میں درج شکل
espionage
IPA
GB/ˈɛspiənɑd͡ʒ/
US/ˈɛspiənɑd͡ʒ/
ہجا بندی اور زور
es - pi - on - age (4 ہجے)
Stress on 1st syllable (es)
لفظ کی شکلیں
Noun
  • Base: espionage
  • Plural: espionage
عبارات

an act of espionage

1
/ən ˈækt əv ˈɛspiənɑd͡ʒ/
fixed phrase formal

one spying incident

One specific example of spying.

مثالیں
  • Officials called the theft of the files an act of espionage.
  • The company argued that copying the database was not just misconduct but an act of espionage.
  • Planting the listening device in the embassy was treated as an act of espionage.

corporate espionage

1
/kˈɔɹpɚɪt ˈɛspiənɑd͡ʒ/
fixed phrase

business spying

Secretly getting private information from a company, often to help another company.

مثالیں
  • The lawsuit accused a former manager of corporate espionage.
  • Companies train staff to recognize phishing attempts that could lead to corporate espionage.
  • The investigation found no proof of corporate espionage by the rival firm.

counter-espionage

1
/kˈaʊntɚ ˈɛspiənɑd͡ʒ/
fixed phrase formal

stopping enemy spies

Secret work done to find or stop spies.

مثالیں
  • The agency expanded its counter-espionage unit after several leaks.
  • Counter-espionage officers monitored the suspected spy network for months.
  • The new rules were presented as counter-espionage measures.

cyber espionage

1
/sˈaɪbɚ ˈɛspiənɑd͡ʒ/
fixed phrase technical

digital spying

Using computers or the internet to secretly get private or secret information.

مثالیں
  • Officials blamed the data breach on a foreign cyber espionage group.
  • Cyber espionage has become a major concern for hospitals, universities, and defense contractors.
  • The report described years of cyber espionage targeting government email accounts.

economic espionage

1
/ˌɛkənˈɑmɪk ˈɛspiənɑd͡ʒ/
fixed phrase formal

spying for economic gain

Secretly getting economic or business information to help a country or organization compete.

مثالیں
  • Prosecutors described the theft of semiconductor designs as economic espionage.
  • The government warned that universities were increasingly targets for economic espionage.
  • Economic espionage can damage entire industries, not just individual companies.

industrial espionage

1
/ɪndˈʌstɹiəl ˈɛspiənɑd͡ʒ/
fixed phrase

spying on companies

Secretly stealing or collecting a company’s private business information.

مثالیں
  • The company said the stolen prototype was evidence of industrial espionage.
  • Several employees were questioned during an investigation into industrial espionage.
  • Industrial espionage can involve hacking, bribery, or planting an insider in a company.

military espionage

1
/mˈɪlɪtˌɛɹi ˈɛspiənɑd͡ʒ/
fixed phrase formal

spying on armed forces

Secretly getting information about another country’s army, weapons, or defense plans.

مثالیں
  • The documents revealed details of a military espionage operation during the war.
  • The officer was suspected of military espionage after classified maps were found in his apartment.
  • Military espionage remains a major concern even between countries that are not officially at war.

the espionage act

1
/ðə ˈɛspiənɑd͡ʒ ˈækt/
fixed phrase legal

U.S. secrecy law

A U.S. law used in cases involving national defense secrets.

مثالیں
  • The former contractor was charged under the Espionage Act.
  • Debates about the Espionage Act often involve national security and press freedom.
  • Prosecutors said the documents contained information covered by the Espionage Act.
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