incidence
gb/ˈɪnsɪdəns/ us/ˈɪnsɪdəns/
C1
انگریزی
~ 8700
معانی
0 معانی
اسم
formal
C1
quantity
1
rate at which something occurs
How often something happens in a group of people or in a place during a certain time, usually used for problems like disease or crime.
استعمال کا انداز:
the incidence of [something] (in [a group/place])
عام غلطی:
Learners often confuse "incidence" with "incident". "Incident" is a single event (for example, a fight or an accident), while "incidence" is about how often events of a certain type happen in a group or time period. Another mistake is to say *"an incidence"* when they mean one event; in that case, "incident" or "case" is correct.
ہم معنی الفاظ
frequency (General word for how often something happens; less formal and not especially used for medical or crime data.)
|
rate (Very close in meaning, but broader and not limited to events; often used in everyday speech where 'incidence' sounds more technical or formal.)
|
prevalence (Often used in health and medical contexts; focuses more on how widespread something is at a given time, while 'incidence' focuses on new cases over a period.)
متضاد الفاظ
rarity (Suggests that something happens very seldom, which is the opposite idea of a high incidence.)
لفظی تراکیب
high incidence of
|low incidence of
|incidence rate
|incidence of cancer
|disease incidence
|crime incidence
موضوعات
health
|statistics
|society
|science
مثالیں
- The incidence of diabetes has risen sharply over the past decade.
- Researchers are studying the incidence of lung cancer in urban areas.
- Several policies were introduced to reduce the incidence of violent crime.
- There is a particularly high incidence of malaria in this region during the rainy season.
سیکھنے والوں کے لیے مثالیں
- The incidence of heart disease is higher in older people.
- We looked at the incidence of car accidents in the city last year.
- Better public health can lower the incidence of many diseases.
- The report shows a low incidence of serious crime in this town.
اسم
technical
C2
relation
2
meeting of a ray with a surface
In science, the moment when light, sound, or another wave hits a surface, often talked about together with the angle.
استعمال کا انداز:
the incidence of [light/sound/etc.] on [a surface]
عام غلطی:
Learners may mix up "incidence" and "incident" in physics contexts. "Incident" is an adjective in phrases like "incident ray" (the ray that is coming in), while "incidence" is the noun for the act or angle of hitting the surface.
ہم معنی الفاظ
impingement (A technical term also meaning striking against or upon a surface, used mainly in scientific or formal contexts.)
لفظی تراکیب
angle of incidence
|normal to the point of incidence
|point of incidence
|light incidence
|incidence on the surface
موضوعات
science
|physics
مثالیں
- The experiment measures the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection of the light beam.
- At high angles of incidence, more of the radar signal is reflected away from the receiver.
- The efficiency of the solar panel changes with the incidence of sunlight on its surface.
سیکھنے والوں کے لیے مثالیں
- We can change the angle of incidence of the light in this experiment.
- The incidence of the laser beam on the mirror must be very precise.
- The scientist explained how the incidence of sunlight affects the mirror.
اسم
technical
C2
relation
3
distribution of tax or cost burden
In economics, how the real cost of a tax or fee is shared between different people or groups, for example between buyers and sellers.
استعمال کا انداز:
the incidence of [a tax/cost] on [a group]
عام غلطی:
Learners sometimes think "tax incidence" means how often a tax is used. In economics, it does not mean frequency; it means who really pays the tax in the end (for example, buyers or sellers).
ہم معنی الفاظ
burden distribution (Describes how a load or cost is shared; less technical and more descriptive than the fixed term "incidence" in economics.)
متضاد الفاظ
benefit distribution (Focuses on how advantages, rather than burdens, are shared; used as a conceptual opposite in discussions of who gains versus who pays.)
لفظی تراکیب
tax incidence
|incidence of taxation
|incidence of the cost
|shifting the incidence
|incidence on consumers
موضوعات
economics
|business
|finance
مثالیں
- Economists disagree about the true incidence of the new carbon tax.
- The study analyzes the incidence of taxation on low-income households.
- Changes in market structure can shift the incidence of a tax from producers to consumers.
سیکھنے والوں کے لیے مثالیں
- The professor talked about the incidence of a sales tax on buyers and sellers.
- In this model, the incidence of the new tax is mostly on workers.
- We must understand the incidence of the fee before we change the law.
گرامر
لغت میں درج شکل
incidence
IPA
GB/ˈɪnsɪdəns/
US/ˈɪnsɪdəns/
ہجا بندی اور زور
in - cid - ence (3 ہجے)
Stress on 1st syllable (in)
لفظ کی شکلیں
Noun
- Base: incidence
- Plural: incidences
متعلقہ الفاظ
Forms
incidences
noun
Core family
Related words
Advanced or less common
coincident
adjective
عبارات
angle of incidence
1/ˈæŋɡəl əv ˈɪnsɪdəns/
fixed phrase
technical
angle of an incoming ray to a surface
The angle between a ray of light, sound, etc. that hits a surface and a line that is straight up from that surface at the point where it hits.
مثالیں
- According to the law of reflection, the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.
- By changing the angle of incidence, we can focus more light onto the sensor.
- The diagram shows how the angle of incidence affects the brightness of the reflected beam.
incidence rate
1/ˈɪnsɪdəns ɹˈeɪt/
fixed phrase
technical
measure of new cases over time
A number that shows how many new cases of a disease or problem happen in a group of people during a set time.
مثالیں
- The incidence rate of the infection dropped after the vaccination campaign.
- Researchers compared the incidence rate of heart disease between smokers and non-smokers.
- Public health officials monitor the incidence rate to detect outbreaks early.
tax incidence
1/tˈæks ˈɪnsɪdəns/
fixed phrase
technical
how a tax burden is shared
How the real cost of a tax is divided between different people or groups, like buyers, sellers, or workers.
مثالیں
- The tax incidence depends on how sensitive buyers and sellers are to price changes.
- Policy makers must consider the tax incidence on low-income families before raising VAT.
- The report explains that the tax incidence falls mainly on consumers, not on producers.