projection

gb/pɹəd͡ʒˈɛkʃən/ us/pɹəd͡ʒˈɛkʃən/

B1 انگریزی

~ 5800

معانی

0 معانی

اسم B2 entity

calculated forecast of the future

A careful guess about future numbers, such as sales, costs, or population, based on information we have now.

استعمال کا انداز: a projection of [amount] / a projection for [time period]

عام غلطی:

Learners sometimes use "projection" and "prediction" as if they were always the same. A projection is usually more careful and is based on numbers and a clear model, especially in business or government, while a prediction can be any guess, even a personal or informal one.

ہم معنی الفاظ

forecast (Often used in business and weather; very close in meaning but can sound slightly more general and less technical than "projection" in financial contexts.) | estimate (More general and less formal; may be based on rough judgment rather than detailed data and models.)

متضاد الفاظ

actual (Refers to real, measured numbers, as in "actual results", which are compared with earlier projections.)

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موضوعات

business |economics |planning |statistics |finance

مثالیں

The company revised its sales projection after demand turned out to be lower than expected.
Government population projections show the city could double in size by 2050.
Our budget projections indicate we will break even by the end of the year.
Investors were disappointed when earnings came in far below projections.
Based on current trends, the projection for next quarter’s revenue is quite modest.

سیکھنے والوں کے لیے مثالیں

The bank asked to see our income projections.
According to projections, the country will need more schools in ten years.
Our sales projections were too high last year.
The company made a new projection for next month’s costs.
These projections help the manager plan for the future.

اسم B1 entity

image cast by a projector

An image you see on a wall or screen when a machine like a projector shines light and pictures onto it.

استعمال کا انداز: a projection of [image / film] onto [surface]

عام غلطی:

Learners sometimes say "projector" when they mean the image, as in *"The projector was not clear"* instead of "The projection was not clear". "Projector" is the machine; "projection" is the image on the surface.

ہم معنی الفاظ

display (A broader term for anything shown visually on a surface or device; not limited to images made with a projector.)

متضاد الفاظ

darkness (Describes the absence of light or image where a projection would normally appear.)

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موضوعات

technology |entertainment |education |arts_entertainment

مثالیں

The projection on the building showed a moving map of the city’s history.
From the back row, the projection was too dim to read the text on the slides.
They tested the projection before the conference to make sure the video played smoothly.
An outdoor projection turned the castle walls into a giant movie screen.
The museum uses a floor projection to simulate flowing water under your feet.

سیکھنے والوں کے لیے مثالیں

The projection on the screen was very clear.
We watched a projection of old photos on the wall.
The teacher checked the projection before the class started.
There was a big projection of the company logo at the event.
The projection stopped when the power went out.

اسم B2 property

ability of voice to carry

How well a person’s voice or sound can be heard far away, especially in a large room.

استعمال کا انداز: good/poor projection of [someone’s] voice

عام غلطی:

Learners sometimes confuse "projection" with "pronunciation". Pronunciation is about saying the sounds correctly; projection is about how strongly and clearly your voice is carried to listeners.

ہم معنی الفاظ

audibility (More formal and less common in everyday speech; focuses on how easy something is to hear, not specifically on technique.)

متضاد الفاظ

mumbling (Describes speaking too quietly or unclearly, making it hard for listeners to hear or understand.)

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موضوعات

communication |arts |education |arts_entertainment

مثالیں

Her stage presence is strong, but her vocal projection needs work.
The coach focused on projection so the players could hear each other over the crowd.
Without proper projection, even a good speech will be lost in a large hall.
The actor’s projection filled the theater without any microphone.
Singers practice breathing techniques to improve their projection.

سیکھنے والوں کے لیے مثالیں

The teacher told him to work on his projection.
Her voice has very good projection in the classroom.
With a microphone, you do not need as much projection.
Actors train to improve their voice projection.
His poor projection made the talk hard to follow.

اسم technical C1 action

attributing own feelings to others

When a person, often without knowing it, says that someone else has feelings or problems that really belong to themselves.

استعمال کا انداز: projection of [emotion] onto [someone]

عام غلطی:

Learners may confuse this with the everyday idea of "projecting" confidence or an image. Psychological projection is specifically about wrongly seeing your own feelings in another person, usually without realizing it.

ہم معنی الفاظ

externalization (A more technical psychological term; overlaps with projection but can also refer more generally to putting inner experiences outside oneself.)

متضاد الفاظ

self-awareness (Involves recognizing one’s own feelings and motives instead of wrongly seeing them in others.)

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موضوعات

psychology |emotions |mental_health |health

مثالیں

The therapist suggested that his constant blame of others was a form of projection.
Calling your colleague lazy may be projection if you are actually unhappy with your own work habits.
Projection can protect a person’s self-image in the short term, but it often damages relationships.
Her suspicion that everyone was judging her seemed like projection of her own harsh self-criticism.
In counselling, identifying projection is an important step toward personal responsibility.

سیکھنے والوں کے لیے مثالیں

In psychology, projection means putting your own feelings onto another person.
His anger at his boss might be projection of anger at himself.
The doctor talked about projection as a defense mechanism.
Projection can hurt friendships because it is not fair to other people.
She learned to see her projection and accept her real feelings.

اسم B2 entity

part that sticks out

A piece of something that comes out from the side or surface, like a small ledge or point.

استعمال کا انداز: a projection on/from [surface or object]

عام غلطی:

Learners sometimes use only "part" or "end" instead of this more specific word when they want to describe something that clearly sticks out from a surface.

ہم معنی الفاظ

protrusion (More formal and technical; common in medical or engineering descriptions.)

متضاد الفاظ

recess (Refers to a hollow or space that curves inward, the opposite of something that sticks out.)

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موضوعات

space |nature |construction |core_vocabulary

مثالیں

A small projection on the rock face made it possible for the climber to rest his foot.
Be careful, there’s a metal projection sticking out from the shelf.
The architect added a glass projection on the front of the building to create more space.
Several bony projections were visible on the X-ray.
The balcony forms a projection over the street below.

سیکھنے والوں کے لیے مثالیں

There is a small projection on the wall for the light.
He hit his head on a low projection from the ceiling.
The rock has many sharp projections.
The house has a wooden projection over the door.
We used the stone projection as a step.

اسم technical C1 entity

mapping onto a subspace

In math, a way to move points from a bigger space, like 3D space, onto a smaller space, like a flat surface, usually by removing one direction.

استعمال کا انداز: projection of [points/object] onto [line/plane/subspace]

عام غلطی:

Learners sometimes mix this with "transformation" in general. All projections are transformations, but "projection" usually means reducing the dimension or ignoring some components in a specific way.

ہم معنی الفاظ

mapping (A more general mathematical term for sending elements of one set to another; not all mappings are projections.)

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موضوعات

mathematics |science |engineering |education

مثالیں

In this diagram, the projection of the cube onto the plane is a rectangle.
Orthogonal projection onto a subspace plays a key role in least-squares problems.
We define a projection that sends every vector to its first two coordinates.
The shadow of an object can be thought of as its projection onto a surface.
This transformation is a projection because applying it twice gives the same result.

سیکھنے والوں کے لیے مثالیں

In math class we studied projection onto a line.
The teacher drew the projection of a 3D box on the board.
A shadow is like a projection of an object onto the ground.
The program shows a projection of the 3D shape on the screen.
We use projection to see 3D data in 2D.

اسم technical C1 entity

method of flattening the globe

A special method that lets map makers draw the round Earth on flat paper or a screen, changing the shape or size a little.

استعمال کا انداز: [type] projection of the Earth / world map

عام غلطی:

Learners sometimes think a map is a perfect picture of the Earth. In fact, every flat map uses a projection and must change something about size, shape, or distance.

ہم معنی الفاظ

map projection (More explicit phrase that clearly shows the context is cartography, not mathematics in general.)

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موضوعات

geography |cartography |science |travel

مثالیں

Different map projections are used depending on whether you want to preserve area, shape, or direction.
The Mercator projection greatly enlarges regions near the poles.
Choosing an appropriate projection is one of the most important decisions in map design.
This atlas explains the distortions caused by various projections.
On this wall you can compare the same data shown on three different projections.

سیکھنے والوں کے لیے مثالیں

This world map uses the Mercator projection.
Every flat world map must use some kind of projection.
One projection makes countries near the poles look too big.
Our geography class talked about how each projection changes the map.
The book shows many projections of the Earth.

اسم C1 entity

public image someone creates

The way someone or a company chooses to look or seem to other people, for example strong, friendly, or professional.

استعمال کا انداز: projection of [quality] / projection as [role or image]

عام غلطی:

Learners may confuse this with psychological projection. Here, "projection" is about how you choose to appear to others, not about putting your own feelings onto them.

ہم معنی الفاظ

image (Very common and general; "projection" focuses more on the active, controlled aspect of how that image is shown.)

متضاد الفاظ

authenticity (Suggests showing one’s true self rather than a carefully controlled or possibly false projection.)

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موضوعات

communication |business |emotions

مثالیں

The leader’s calm projection of confidence helped steady the markets.
On social media, his projection of success hides the struggles he faces offline.
The brand’s projection of a green, eco-friendly image does not match its actual practices.
Her public projection is tough and independent, but close friends see a softer side.
Political campaigns carefully manage the projection of their candidate’s personality.

سیکھنے والوں کے لیے مثالیں

Her projection of confidence made people trust her.
The company’s projection is modern and friendly.
On Instagram, his projection is very different from his real life.
The team worked on the projection of a strong brand image.
He changed his projection to look more professional.

گرامر

لغت میں درج شکل

projection

IPA

GB/pɹəd͡ʒˈɛkʃən/

US/pɹəd͡ʒˈɛkʃən/

ہجا بندی اور زور

pro - jec - tion (3 ہجے)

Stress on 2nd syllable (jec)

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Noun

Base: projection
Plural: projection, projections

متعلقہ الفاظ

Forms

projections noun

Core family

project verb A2 projector noun B1

Related words

projected adjective projectile noun

Advanced or less common

projectionist noun projective adjective

عبارات

cash flow projection

/kˈæʃ flˈoʊ pɹəd͡ʒˈɛkʃən/

fixed phrase

estimate of future cash flow

A plan that shows how much money a business expects to receive and pay out in the future.

مثالیں

The startup created a 12-month cash flow projection for investors.
A realistic cash flow projection can prevent serious money problems.
Without a clear cash flow projection, it’s hard to know if the project is safe.

growth projection

/ɡɹˈoʊθ pɹəd͡ʒˈɛkʃən/

fixed phrase

estimate of future growth

A careful guess of how fast something, like a company or an economy, will grow in the future.

مثالیں

The country’s growth projection was cut after the energy crisis.
Our five-year growth projection is based on current customer trends.
Investors were impressed by the company’s strong growth projections.

income projection

/ˈɪŋkˌʌm pɹəd͡ʒˈɛkʃən/

fixed phrase

estimate of future income

A careful guess about how much money a person or business will earn in the future.

مثالیں

The bank asked for an income projection before approving the mortgage.
Her income projection for the next year is much higher after the promotion.
Freelancers often make income projections to plan their savings.

make a projection

/mˈeɪk ə pɹəd͡ʒˈɛkʃən/

fixed phrase

calculate an expected future value

To work out and say what a number, such as sales or costs, will probably be in the future, using information you have now.

مثالیں

The finance team will make a projection for next year’s revenue.
Before asking for a loan, we need to make a projection of our cash flow.
Economists made a projection of unemployment rates over the next decade.

map projection

/mˈæp pɹəd͡ʒˈɛkʃən/

fixed phrase technical

method for flat world maps

A special method that shows the round Earth on a flat map, changing some shapes or sizes.

مثالیں

This atlas explains the differences between various map projections.
The Mercator map projection is useful for navigation but distorts areas near the poles.
Choosing the right map projection depends on what you want to show.

population projection

/pˌɑpjəlˈeɪʃən pɹəd͡ʒˈɛkʃən/

fixed phrase

estimate of future population

A careful guess of how many people will live in a place in the future, using birth, death, and migration data.

مثالیں

Population projections show that the city will need more housing by 2040.
According to the latest population projection, the country will start to shrink in 20 years.
Urban planners rely on population projections when designing new transport systems.

projection screen

/pɹəd͡ʒˈɛkʃən skɹˈin/

fixed phrase

surface for projected images

A white or special flat surface where pictures from a projector are shown.

مثالیں

They set up a large projection screen in the conference room.
The image looks sharper on a proper projection screen than on a wall.
We rolled down the projection screen before starting the movie.

psychological projection

/sˌaɪkəlˈɑd͡ʒɪkəl pɹəd͡ʒˈɛkʃən/

fixed phrase technical

defense of putting feelings on others

In psychology, when someone thinks another person has feelings or problems that are really their own.

مثالیں

The therapist explained that his constant criticism might be psychological projection.
Psychological projection can damage relationships if people are not aware of it.
Her fear of being judged turned out to be psychological projection of her own self-criticism.

sales projection

/sˈeɪlz pɹəd͡ʒˈɛkʃən/

fixed phrase

estimate of future sales

A careful guess of how much a company will sell in the future.

مثالیں

Our sales projection for the holiday season is very optimistic.
The manager updated the sales projection after seeing the latest orders.
Investors asked to see a five-year sales projection before deciding.

voice projection

/vˈɔɪs pɹəd͡ʒˈɛkʃən/

fixed phrase

strength and reach of voice

How well someone can use their voice so that people far away can hear them clearly.

مثالیں

Actors take classes to improve their voice projection.
Good voice projection is important for teachers in large classrooms.
Even without a microphone, her voice projection filled the hall.

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سیکھنا

ٹولز

دریافت کریں

کمپنی & سپورٹ

projection

calculated forecast of the future

image cast by a projector

ability of voice to carry

attributing own feelings to others

part that sticks out

mapping onto a subspace

method of flattening the globe

public image someone creates

cash flow projection

growth projection

income projection

make a projection

map projection

population projection

projection screen

psychological projection

sales projection

voice projection

سیکھنا

ٹولز

وسائل

کمپنی

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