litigation
gb/lˌɪtəɡˈeɪʃən/ us/lˌɪtəɡˈeɪʃən/
C1
Anh
~ 5900
peres eljárás, pereskedés, per, peres praxis, peres ügyvédi gyakorlat
DANH TỪ
C1
FORMAL
1
pereskedés
B2
Mẫu sử dụng:
[someone] wants to avoid litigation over [something]
Because of the risk of costly litigation, the company quickly recalled the defective product.
A költséges pereskedés kockázata miatt a vállalat gyorsan visszahívta a hibás terméket.
Environmental groups increasingly rely on litigation to force governments to enforce climate laws.
A környezetvédő csoportok egyre inkább peres eljárásokra támaszkodnak, hogy rákényszerítsék a kormányokat az éghajlatvédelmi törvények érvényesítésére.
The contract includes a clause requiring arbitration instead of litigation.
After years of bitter litigation, the two sides finally reached an agreement.
Good legal advice can often prevent litigation before it starts.
Ví dụ cho người học
The family used litigation to fight the new law.
A család peres eljárással próbált fellépni az új törvény ellen.
He wants to avoid litigation because it is very expensive.
El akarja kerülni a pereskedést, mert nagyon drága.
Litigation can take many years in some countries.
The company changed its plan after the threat of litigation.
They chose mediation instead of litigation.
Lỗi thường gặp:
Learners often confuse "litigation" with "legislation". "Litigation" is the court process to solve a dispute, while "legislation" is a law or group of laws made by a government. Learners may also try to use "litigation" as a verb (e.g. *to litigation someone*), but the correct verb is "to litigate" or the phrase "to take legal action against someone."
Nghĩa
the process of taking legal action
Cụm từ đi kèm
civil litigation
|ongoing litigation
|threat of litigation
|engage in litigation
|litigation costs
|avoid litigation
Từ đồng nghĩa
legal action (Very close in meaning; slightly less formal and more common in everyday speech.)
|
legal proceedings (Focuses more on the individual steps and hearings inside the court process.)
Từ trái nghĩa
settlement (Refers to resolving a dispute by agreement, usually to avoid or end litigation.)
Chủ đề
law
|business
|politics
Định nghĩa
The process of taking a problem to a court so that a judge can decide what is right.
The formal process of resolving disputes through the court system, including filing claims, conducting legal proceedings, and obtaining a judgment.
DANH TỪ
C1
FORMAL
2
per
B2
Mẫu sử dụng:
this litigation concerns [something]
The patent litigation between the two tech giants was closely watched by investors.
A két techóriás közötti szabadalmi pert a befektetők is szorosan figyelték.
This litigation arises from a failed real estate development project.
Ez a per egy meghiúsult ingatlanfejlesztési projektből ered.
Several pieces of securities litigation are still pending against the bank.
The privacy litigation was settled just before it was due to go to trial.
Consumer groups have filed new litigation over the misleading advertising campaign.
Ví dụ cho người học
The company won the litigation last year.
A cég tavaly megnyerte a pert.
This litigation is about damage to the river.
Ez a per a folyó károsításáról szól.
New litigation has started against the airline.
The court will hear the litigation next month.
Many small cases became one big litigation.
Lỗi thường gặp:
Many learners try to say *"He filed a litigation"*, but native speakers more often say "He filed a lawsuit" or simply "He filed suit." "Litigation" can be used to refer to a specific case, but it is less often used with an article ("a litigation") than "lawsuit" is.
Nghĩa
a particular lawsuit or case
Cụm từ đi kèm
shareholder litigation
|patent litigation
|class-action litigation
|complex litigation
|long-running litigation
|cross-border litigation
Từ đồng nghĩa
lawsuit (More common and general word; can sound less formal than "litigation" in many contexts.)
|
case (Very general legal term; can refer to criminal or civil matters, not only this kind of litigation.)
Từ trái nghĩa
out-of-court settlement (Describes resolving a specific dispute without continuing the court case.)
Chủ đề
law
|business
Định nghĩa
One specific legal case that is in court.
A particular legal dispute that is being handled through the courts.
DANH TỪ
C1
FORMAL
3
Mẫu sử dụng:
[someone] specializes in [type of] litigation
She built her career in complex commercial litigation.
Karrierjét az összetett kereskedelmi peres praxisban építette fel.
Our firm has one of the largest litigation departments in the country.
Irodánk peres részlege az egyik legnagyobb az országban.
He moved from corporate work into litigation because he enjoys being in court.
The firm is seeking an associate with at least three years of securities litigation experience.
Litigation remains a highly competitive area of legal practice.
Ví dụ cho người học
He works in litigation at a big law firm.
Egy nagy ügyvédi irodában peres ügyekkel foglalkozik.
She wants a job in commercial litigation.
A kereskedelmi peres praxisban szeretne állást.
The company hired a new head of litigation.
He moved from tax law to litigation last year.
Litigation can be stressful work for lawyers.
Lỗi thường gặp:
Learners may not realize that "litigation" here means a work area, not just a process. In job ads, phrases like "experience in litigation" describe the type of legal work, not only past court cases.
Nghĩa
the branch of law about lawsuits
Cụm từ đi kèm
commercial litigation
|employment litigation
|litigation department
|litigation practice
|litigation team
|litigation attorney
Từ đồng nghĩa
dispute resolution (litigation) (Broader term that can include methods outside court, but often used to label this practice area.)
Từ trái nghĩa
transactional law (Refers to legal work on deals and contracts, which usually does not involve court disputes.)
Chủ đề
law
|work
|business
Định nghĩa
The part of legal work that is about going to court for clients.
The area of legal practice that focuses on representing clients in court disputes and managing lawsuits.
Ngữ pháp
Dạng từ điển
litigation
IPA
GB/lˌɪtəɡˈeɪʃən/
US/lˌɪtəɡˈeɪʃən/
Âm tiết và trọng âm
lit - ig - a - tion (4 âm tiết)
Stress on 3rd syllable (a)
Các dạng từ
Noun
- Base: litigation
- Plural: litigation, litigations
Họ từ
Forms
litigations
noun
Core family
litigate
verb
Related words
litigator
noun
litigant
noun C1
Advanced or less common
litigious
adjective
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