commence
gb/kəmˈɛns/ us/kəmˈɛns/
B2
Anh
~ 26900
Các nghĩa
0 nghĩa
Động từ
formal
B2
action
1
to begin, to start
To start something, or to begin to happen.
Mẫu sử dụng:
to commence [activity/thing]
Lỗi thường gặp:
Learners often treat 'commence' as normal everyday English and use it in casual conversation where 'start' or 'begin' is more natural (e.g., saying *'Let's commence'* with friends instead of 'Let's start'). Learners also sometimes write *'commence to do'* in very informal texts; while it is grammatically correct, 'start to do' or 'start doing' usually sounds more natural.
Từ đồng nghĩa
begin (Common and neutral; suitable in almost all contexts where 'commence' is used, but less formal.)
|
start (Very common and informal-neutral; often preferred in everyday speech instead of 'commence'.)
Từ trái nghĩa
finish (Opposite in time; marks the end of something that 'commence' begins.)
|
stop (Opposite action; to cause an activity to end or not continue.)
Cụm từ đi kèm
commence at [time]
|commence on [date]
|commence a meeting
|commence construction
|commence training
|commence the project
Chủ đề
business
|education
|daily life
|core_vocabulary
|daily_life
Ví dụ
- The ceremony will commence at 10 a.m. sharp.
- Construction on the new bridge is scheduled to commence next month.
- Once everyone is seated, we can commence the meeting.
- The course will commence with an introduction to basic concepts.
- Talks are expected to commence after the election results are announced.
Ví dụ cho người học
- The movie will commence at seven o'clock.
- Classes commence on the first Monday of September.
- We will commence the test when all students are ready.
- The program will commence with a short video.
- They plan to commence building the house in June.
Động từ
technical
C1
action
2
to start an official process
To officially start a legal or formal action, like a court case or investigation.
Mẫu sử dụng:
to commence [process/proceedings/action]
Lỗi thường gặp:
Learners may use this formal legal sense in everyday situations where a simple 'start' sounds more natural, for example writing *'commence action against my neighbor'* in a casual email. It is best kept for official or legal writing.
Từ đồng nghĩa
initiate (Very similar in legal and official contexts; slightly more common than 'commence' in some technical writing.)
|
institute (Common in legal phrases like 'institute proceedings'; emphasizes setting a process in motion.)
Từ trái nghĩa
terminate (Used in legal and formal contexts to mean officially end a process or contract.)
|
withdraw (In legal contexts, means to stop or cancel an action that was commenced, such as a claim or application.)
Cụm từ đi kèm
commence legal proceedings
|commence an investigation
|commence disciplinary action
|commence enforcement action
|commence an appeal
|commence bankruptcy proceedings
Chủ đề
law
|business
|government
Ví dụ
- The company intends to commence legal proceedings against the supplier for breach of contract.
- If payment is not received within 14 days, we will commence recovery action without further notice.
- The regulator has commenced an investigation into possible market abuse.
- She instructed her lawyers to commence divorce proceedings immediately.
- The government may commence enforcement action if the terms of the license are not met.
Ví dụ cho người học
- The bank decided to commence legal proceedings against the customer.
- Police will commence an investigation into the accident.
- If you do not pay, the company can commence action in court.
- They plan to commence disciplinary proceedings next week.
- Her lawyer will commence an appeal against the decision.
Động từ
archaic
C2
action
3
to receive a degree (old use)
In old English, to receive a degree from a university.
Mẫu sử dụng:
to commence [degree/title]
Từ đồng nghĩa
graduate (Modern verb for finishing a course and receiving a degree; 'commence' in this sense is old-fashioned.)
Từ trái nghĩa
fail (In an academic context, to not meet the requirements to receive a degree.)
Cụm từ đi kèm
commence bachelor
|commence master
|commence doctor
|commence B.A.
|commence M.A.
Chủ đề
education
|history
Ví dụ
- He commenced Bachelor of Arts at Oxford in 1623.
- Several scholars commenced Master of Theology at the ceremony.
- She commenced Doctor in Civil Law after many years of study.
Ví dụ cho người học
- In old books, you may read that a man 'commenced bachelor' at a university.
- This use of 'commence' to mean 'receive a degree' is now very rare.
- Today, we say 'graduate', not 'commence', when a student finishes university.
Ngữ pháp
Dạng từ điển
commence
IPA
GB/kəmˈɛns/
US/kəmˈɛns/
Âm tiết và trọng âm
com - mence (2 âm tiết)
Stress on 2nd syllable (mence)
Các dạng từ
Verb
- Base: commence
- 3rd Person Singular: commences
- Present Participle: commencing
- Past: commenced
Họ từ
Forms
commences
verb
commencing
verb
commenced
verb
Core family
commencement
noun B2
Related words
recommence
verb
Cách diễn đạt
commence on
2/kəmˈɛns ˈɔn/
phrasal verb
formal
to start on a date
To begin at a stated date or time.
Ví dụ
- The training program will commence on 1 July.
- Her contract is due to commence on the first day of next month.
commence operations
4/kəmˈɛns ˌɑpɚˈeɪʃənz/
fixed phrase
formal
to begin business activities
To start doing business or start working as an organization.
Ví dụ
- The new plant is expected to commence operations early next year.
- Once we receive the final permits, we can commence operations immediately.
commence proceedings
5/kəmˈɛns pɹoʊsˈidɪŋz/
fixed phrase
technical
to start a legal case
To officially start a case in court or another legal process.
Ví dụ
- If the debt remains unpaid, the company may commence proceedings without further warning.
- They decided not to commence proceedings after reaching a private settlement.
commence with
1/kəmˈɛns wˈɪθ/
phrasal verb
formal
to begin by doing something
To start something by first doing or including a particular thing.
Ví dụ
- The lecture will commence with a brief overview of the syllabus.
- We shall commence with introductions before moving to the main agenda.
commence work
3/kəmˈɛns wˈɚk/
fixed phrase
formal
to begin work or a project
To start doing a job, task, or project.
Ví dụ
- Contractors will commence work on the site in May.
- New staff are expected to commence work at the beginning of the month.