rationality
gb/ɹˌæʃənˈælɪti/ us/ɹˌæʃənˈælɪti/
C1
Anh
Các nghĩa
0 nghĩa
Danh từ
formal
C1
property
1
reasonableness and logic
the quality of thinking or acting in a logical and sensible way
Mẫu sử dụng:
the rationality of [something]; [someone's] rationality
Lỗi thường gặp:
Do not use rationality to mean the reason or explanation for something; use rationale.
Từ đồng nghĩa
reasonableness (emphasizes being sensible and fair)
|
logic (emphasizes clear reasoning more than sensible behavior)
|
sanity (less formal and often means practical good sense)
Từ trái nghĩa
irrationality (lack of reason or logical control)
|
unreasonableness (failure to be sensible, fair, or logical)
Cụm từ đi kèm
question the rationality
|doubt the rationality
|defend the rationality
|the rationality of a decision
|the rationality of a policy
|calm rationality
|scientific rationality
|pure rationality
|basic rationality
|maintain rationality
Chủ đề
reasoning
|decision_making
|logic
|behavior
Ví dụ
- Many voters questioned the rationality of spending so much money on the project.
- The plan has a certain rationality, even if some of its details are unpopular.
- In a crisis, fear can make it difficult to maintain calm rationality.
Ví dụ cho người học
- We need rationality, not panic.
- I do not understand the rationality of that decision.
Danh từ
formal
C1
abstract
2
capacity for reasoned thought
the ability to think clearly and make decisions for logical reasons
Mẫu sử dụng:
[human/individual/collective] rationality; the limits of [someone's] rationality
Lỗi thường gặp:
Rationality is usually uncountable. Academic writers may say rationalities when discussing different kinds or systems of reasoning.
Từ đồng nghĩa
reason (the general human faculty of logical thought)
|
reasoning ability (more direct and less abstract)
|
judgment (focuses on making good decisions)
Từ trái nghĩa
irrationality (thinking or acting without proper reason)
|
impulsiveness (acting quickly from feeling rather than thought)
|
instinct (automatic response rather than deliberate reasoning)
Cụm từ đi kèm
human rationality
|individual rationality
|collective rationality
|limited rationality
|the limits of rationality
|capacity for rationality
|models of rationality
|standards of rationality
|forms of rationality
|nature of rationality
Chủ đề
psychology
|reasoning
|mind
|decision_making
Ví dụ
- The book explores whether artificial intelligence can display genuine rationality.
- Stress and lack of sleep can reduce our rationality.
- Philosophers have long debated the nature and limits of human rationality.
Ví dụ cho người học
- Humans do not always use their rationality.
- Tiredness can affect your rationality.
Danh từ
technical
C2
rule
3
goal-directed optimal choice
the economic idea that people make choices that consistently serve their goals or interests
Mẫu sử dụng:
assume rationality; a model of rationality; rationality in [economics/decision theory]
Lỗi thường gặp:
In this use, rationality does not mean kindness or morality; it means consistent goal-directed choice.
Từ đồng nghĩa
utility maximization (narrower economic term for choosing the option with the greatest expected benefit)
|
optimizing behavior (emphasizes selecting the best available option)
|
consistent choice (emphasizes stable preferences and logical decisions)
Từ trái nghĩa
irrational behavior (choices that do not follow consistent reasoning or preferences)
|
cognitive bias (systematic mental error that can prevent fully rational choice)
Cụm từ đi kèm
assumption of rationality
|rationality assumption
|perfect rationality
|strict rationality
|economic rationality
|instrumental rationality
|bounded rationality
|consumer rationality
|models of rationality
|depart from rationality
Chủ đề
economics
|decision_theory
|business
|psychology
|social_science
Ví dụ
- Traditional economic models often assume perfect rationality.
- Behavioral economists study where human choices depart from strict rationality.
- The pricing model relies on a narrow idea of consumer rationality.
Ví dụ cho người học
- The theory assumes rationality in buyers and sellers.
- Real people often do not show perfect rationality.
Ngữ pháp
Dạng từ điển
rationality
IPA
GB/ɹˌæʃənˈælɪti/
US/ɹˌæʃənˈælɪti/
Âm tiết và trọng âm
ra - tion - al - ity (4 âm tiết)
Stress on 3rd syllable (al)
Các dạng từ
Noun
- Base: rationality
- Plural: rationalities, rationality
Cách diễn đạt
bounded rationality
1/bˈaʊndɪd ɹˌæʃənˈælɪti/
fixed phrase
technical
limited rational decision-making
the idea that people make the best decision they can, but their knowledge and thinking time are limited
Ví dụ
- The company used the concept of bounded rationality to explain why managers sometimes choose a satisfactory option rather than the best possible one.
- Bounded rationality helps explain why consumers do not always compare every available product.
- In real markets, bounded rationality is often more realistic than the assumption of perfect information.
economic rationality
1/ˌɛkənˈɑmɪk ɹˌæʃənˈælɪti/
fixed phrase
technical
self-interested economic reasoning
making choices mainly to get the best economic result
Ví dụ
- From the viewpoint of economic rationality, closing the factory saved the company money.
- The policy was criticized for treating economic rationality as more important than social welfare.
- Consumers do not always behave according to simple economic rationality.
instrumental rationality
1/ˌɪnstɹəmˈɛntəl ɹˌæʃənˈælɪti/
fixed phrase
technical
efficient means-end reasoning
thinking logically about how to reach a goal, without asking whether the goal is right
Ví dụ
- Instrumental rationality can explain why the strategy worked, but it cannot show whether the goal was ethical.
- The debate contrasted instrumental rationality with moral reasoning.
- A purely instrumental rationality may value efficiency over human needs.
rationality assumption
1/ɹˌæʃənˈælɪti əsˈʌmpʃən/
fixed phrase
technical
assumption of rational behavior
the idea in a model that people or companies will make logical choices that support their goals
Ví dụ
- The rationality assumption makes the model easier to analyze but less realistic.
- Behavioral economics challenges the rationality assumption in traditional theory.
- The forecast depends heavily on a strong rationality assumption about consumers.