toughness
gb/tˈʌfnəs/ us/tˈʌfnəs/
B2
Английски
lelki erő, szívósság, strapabíróság, rágósság, kemény fellépés, keménység
СЪЩЕСТВИТЕЛНО
B2
1
Модел на употреба:
the toughness to do [something]; toughness in the face of [something]
She showed real toughness when she lost her job and still kept going.
Igazi lelki erőt mutatott, amikor elvesztette az állását, és mégis kitartott.
The team’s toughness was obvious in the final minutes of the game.
A csapat lelki ereje a meccs utolsó perceiben egyértelműen látszott.
It takes toughness to admit you were wrong and try again.
Примери за учащи
You need toughness to finish the course.
Lelki erő kell ahhoz, hogy végigcsináld a tanfolyamot.
His toughness helped him stay calm.
A lelki ereje segített neki nyugodtnak maradni.
Честа грешка:
Don’t confuse toughness (strength of character) with hardness (physical hard surface).
Значение
mental strength under stress
Колокации
mental toughness
|emotional toughness
|inner toughness
|sheer toughness
|remarkable toughness
|toughness under pressure
|show toughness
|develop toughness
|lack toughness
|a test of toughness
Синоними
resilience (focuses on recovering after difficulty)
|
grit (emphasizes long-term perseverance)
|
fortitude (more formal; bravery in suffering)
Антоними
fragility (easily hurt or upset by difficulty)
|
weakness (lack of strength or resolve in challenges)
Теми
emotions
|personal_growth
|sports
|work
Определение
being strong and not giving up when life is hard
The ability to stay strong, calm, and determined in difficult or stressful situations.
СЪЩЕСТВИТЕЛНО
B2
2
szívósság
C1
Модел на употреба:
the toughness of [material/object]
The toughness of this phone case protects it from drops.
Ennek a telefontoknak a strapabírósága védelmet nyújt eséskor.
Engineers increased the toughness of the alloy to prevent cracking.
A mérnökök növelték az ötvözet szívósságát, hogy megelőzzék a repedezést.
This backpack’s toughness makes it ideal for travel.
Примери за учащи
This material has good toughness.
Ennek az anyagnak jó a strapabírósága.
The box needs more toughness.
Ennek a doboznak strapabíróbbnak kell lennie.
Честа грешка:
Toughness is not exactly the same as hardness; something can be hard but still break easily.
Значение
resistance to damage or breaking
Колокации
material toughness
|surface toughness
|added toughness
|high toughness
|improved toughness
|toughness and durability
|toughness against scratches
|toughness of the fabric
|toughness of the plastic
|impact toughness
Синоними
durability (emphasizes lasting a long time under use)
|
sturdiness (everyday word for being strongly built)
|
strength (more general; not specific to resisting damage)
Антоними
brittleness (tends to crack or snap under stress)
|
delicacy (easily damaged; needing careful handling)
Теми
daily_life
|materials
|construction
Определение
being strong and not easily damaged
The quality of being strong and able to withstand force, wear, or damage without breaking.
СЪЩЕСТВИТЕЛНО
B2
3
rágósság
B2
Модел на употреба:
the toughness of [food]
The toughness of the steak made it hard to enjoy.
A steak rágóssága miatt nehéz volt élvezni.
Overcooking increases the toughness of chicken breast.
A túlsütés növeli a csirkemell rágósságát.
I tried to fix the toughness by slicing it very thin.
Примери за учащи
The meat had a lot of toughness.
A hús nagyon rágós volt.
This steak is too tough.
Ez a steak túl rágós.
Честа грешка:
In food contexts, toughness is negative (not ‘strong’ in a good way).
Значение
chewy, hard-to-eat quality
Колокации
meat toughness
|the toughness of the steak
|reduce toughness
|unpleasant toughness
|toughness in the chicken
|toughness of the crust
|too much toughness
|toughness after overcooking
|noticeable toughness
|toughness and dryness
Синоними
chewiness (can be neutral or positive in some foods; less negative than toughness)
|
stringiness (meat has fibers that pull apart in strings)
Антоними
tenderness (easy to chew; desirable for meat)
|
softness (general lack of firmness or resistance)
Теми
food
|daily_life
Определение
when food is too hard to chew
The unpleasant quality of being hard to chew, cut, or bite through, especially in meat or bread.
СЪЩЕСТВИТЕЛНО
C1
4
keménység
B1
Модел на употреба:
toughness on [issue]; toughness in [negotiations/leadership]
The manager’s toughness helped the team meet the deadline.
A vezető keménysége segített a csapatnak tartani a határidőt.
Voters responded to his toughness on corruption.
A választók pozitívan reagáltak a korrupcióval szembeni kemény fellépésére.
Her toughness in negotiations surprised the suppliers.
Примери за учащи
The coach’s toughness pushed us to work hard.
Az edző keménysége arra ösztönzött minket, hogy keményen dolgozzunk.
They wanted toughness in the new leader.
Keménységet akartak látni az új vezetőben.
Честа грешка:
Toughness can sound positive (decisive) or negative (too harsh) depending on context.
Значение
strict, uncompromising attitude
Колокации
project toughness
|display toughness
|political toughness
|toughness on crime
|toughness in negotiations
|a show of toughness
|unnecessary toughness
|toughness and discipline
|toughness with staff
|toughness toward rivals
Синоними
firmness (more neutral; suggests steadiness rather than harshness)
|
severity (more negative; emphasizes harsh punishment or strictness)
Антоними
leniency (willingness to be less strict or to forgive)
|
softness (lack of strictness or force in approach)
Теми
business
|politics
|relationships
Определение
being very strict and not giving in easily
A forceful, hard, or uncompromising approach, especially in leadership, negotiations, or policy.
СЪЩЕСТВИТЕЛНО
C1
TECHNICAL
5
szívósság
C1
Модел на употреба:
toughness of [material]; measure toughness
The report compares the toughness of several composite materials.
A jelentés több kompozit anyag szívósságát hasonlítja össze.
Heat treatment can improve toughness while maintaining strength.
A hőkezelés javíthatja a szívósságot a szilárdság megőrzése mellett.
Engineers tested the sample’s toughness at low temperatures.
Честа грешка:
In technical use, toughness is distinct from hardness and strength and is measured by specific tests.
Значение
engineering measure of crack resistance
Колокации
fracture toughness
|impact toughness
|toughness value
|toughness testing
|toughness measurement
|increase toughness
|toughness of the alloy
|high-toughness steel
|toughness and ductility
|crack resistance
Синоними
fracture resistance (emphasizes resisting cracks; close technical paraphrase)
Антоними
brittleness (tendency to fracture with little deformation or energy absorption)
Теми
engineering
|materials
|science
Определение
(technical) how well a material resists breaking
In engineering and materials science, the ability of a material to absorb energy and resist cracking or fracturing, often measured under specified test conditions.
Граматика
Речникова форма
toughness
IPA
GB/tˈʌfnəs/
US/tˈʌfnəs/
Срички и ударение
tough - ness (2 срички)
Stress on 1st syllable (tough)
Форми на думата
Noun
- Base: toughness
- Plural: toughness, toughnesses
Изрази
fracture toughness
1/fɹˈækt͡ʃɚ tˈʌfnəs/
fixed phrase
technical
material’s resistance to cracking
A measure of how well a material can resist cracks growing and causing it to break.
Примери
- Engineers tested the fracture toughness of the new alloy.
- High fracture toughness is important for aircraft materials.
fracture toughness
1/fɹˈækt͡ʃɚ tˈʌfnəs/
fixed phrase
technical
resistance to crack growth
(technical) how hard it is for a crack to spread
Примери
- This alloy has high fracture toughness, so cracks spread more slowly.
- The lab measured fracture toughness at different temperatures.
- Designers choose materials based on strength and fracture toughness.
mental toughness
1/mˈɛntəl tˈʌfnəs/
fixed phrase
focus and confidence under pressure
staying strong in your mind when things are hard
Примери
- The coach trains players to build mental toughness.
- Finishing the marathon required mental toughness.
- Her mental toughness helped her handle criticism.
Примери за учащи
- Mental toughness helps in stressful times.
physical toughness
1/fˈɪzɪkəl tˈʌfnəs/
fixed phrase
ability to handle physical strain
being strong enough for hard physical activity
Примери
- Preseason training is designed to build physical toughness.
- Hiking in winter tests physical toughness.
- They added strength work to improve physical toughness.
Примери за учащи
- Training improves physical toughness.
toughness on crime
1/tˈʌfnəs ˈɔn kɹˈaɪm/
fixed phrase
strict approach to crime
being very strict about crime and punishment
Примери
- The candidate promised toughness on crime during the campaign.
- Critics argued that toughness on crime did not reduce reoffending.
- The mayor emphasized prevention rather than toughness on crime.
toughness test
1/tˈʌfnəs tˈɛst/
fixed phrase
situation proving how tough
a hard challenge that shows strength
Примери
- Working night shifts was a real toughness test for him.
- The final interview felt like a toughness test.
- The heat turned the hike into a toughness test.
Примери за учащи
- The long run was a toughness test.
toughness training
1/tˈʌfnəs tɹˈeɪnɪŋ/
fixed phrase
practice to build toughness
training to become tougher
Примери
- The program includes toughness training as well as strength work.
- Some teams use toughness training to prepare for high-pressure games.
- Their toughness training focuses on fatigue and decision-making.