immunization
gb/ˌɪmjunɪzˈeɪʃən/ us/ˌɪmjunɪzˈeɪʃən/
B2
Английски
~ 9800
Значения
0 значения
Съществително
B2
action
1
medical process of giving vaccines
The medical process of protecting a person or animal from a disease by giving a vaccine.
Модел на употреба:
to receive immunization against [disease]
Честа грешка:
Learners sometimes confuse "immunization" with "immunity". "Immunization" is the process (usually getting a vaccine), while "immunity" is the state of being protected from a disease. They also often think "immunization" and "vaccination" are different processes; in most everyday contexts, they mean the same thing.
Синоними
vaccination (Almost the same meaning and more common in everyday speech; often preferred in general contexts.)
|
inoculation (Similar medical term, slightly more formal or technical and less common in everyday conversation.)
Антоними
infection (While not a direct action opposite, it is the situation immunization is meant to prevent.)
Колокации
childhood immunization
|immunization program
|immunization campaign
|immunization schedule
|immunization coverage
|routine immunization
Теми
health
|medicine
|public health
Примери
- Immunization has dramatically reduced the number of children who die from measles each year.
- The government launched a nationwide immunization campaign against polio.
- Regular immunization is one of the most effective tools in public health.
- Parents are encouraged to keep a record of their child’s immunization.
- Access to basic immunization remains limited in some rural areas.
Примери за учащи
- Immunization helps your body fight disease.
- Many countries offer free immunization for children.
- You should check your immunization before you travel abroad.
- The clinic provides immunization on Tuesday and Thursday.
- Immunization can stop the spread of serious illness.
Съществително
B2
entity
2
a specific vaccine shot
One vaccine shot or visit when a person gets a vaccine.
Модел на употреба:
to get an immunization for [disease]
Честа грешка:
Learners may not realize that "immunization" can be countable in this sense. It is natural to say "three immunizations" when talking about separate vaccine visits or doses. They also sometimes use "immunization" when they mean "immune system"; these are different ideas.
Синоними
shot (Very common informal word in American English for a single injection of a vaccine.)
|
jab (Common informal word, especially in British English, for a single injection of a vaccine.)
Антоними
noncompliance (Refers to not following recommended medical rules, such as not getting required immunizations.)
Колокации
get an immunization
|school immunizations
|required immunizations
|travel immunizations
|booster immunizations
|missed immunizations
Теми
health
|medicine
Примери
- The baby cried during her first immunization but quickly calmed down.
- You will need two more immunizations before your child can start school.
- I booked my travel immunizations six weeks before my trip to Southeast Asia.
- These immunizations are required for all new employees in the hospital.
- He brought his immunization record to the university health center.
Примери за учащи
- I got three immunizations this year.
- These immunizations are needed for my new job.
- She will get an immunization for flu tomorrow.
- The nurse gave the child an immunization in the arm.
- You must show proof of immunization at the school office.
Съществително
technical
C1
action
3
financial protection from interest-rate risk
In finance, a way to build an investment portfolio so that interest rate changes do not hurt its value or future payments.
Модел на употреба:
immunization of [portfolio] against interest rate risk
Честа грешка:
Learners may assume "immunization" always refers to medicine and fail to recognize this technical financial meaning. The context of finance, bonds, and interest rates signals this specialized sense.
Синоними
hedging (A broader financial term for reducing risk; immunization is a more specific type of hedging against interest rate movements.)
Антоними
speculation (Focuses on taking risk to seek higher returns, rather than protecting against interest rate risk.)
Колокации
portfolio immunization
|immunization strategy
|duration immunization
|immunization against interest rate risk
|bond immunization
Теми
finance
|economics
|business
Примери
- Duration matching is a common technique used for portfolio immunization.
- The fund manager implemented immunization to ensure the assets would cover future pension payments.
- Immunization can help insurers manage interest rate risk in their fixed-income portfolios.
Примери за учащи
- The company used immunization to protect its bond investments.
- Immunization in finance means protecting money from interest rate changes.
- Students learned about portfolio immunization in their finance class.
Граматика
Речникова форма
immunization
IPA
GB/ˌɪmjunɪzˈeɪʃən/
US/ˌɪmjunɪzˈeɪʃən/
Срички и ударение
im - mun - iz - a - tion (5 срички)
Stress on 4th syllable (a)
Форми на думата
Noun
- Base: immunization
- Plural: immunization, immunizations
Семейство думи
Forms
immunizations
noun
Related words
Negative and opposite forms
susceptible
adjective B2
Advanced or less common
Изрази
immunization campaign
1/ˌɪmjunɪzˈeɪʃən kæmpˈeɪn/
fixed phrase
short-term drive to vaccinate people
A strong, often short-time effort to give vaccines to many people, often with ads and special clinics.
Примери
- Health workers launched an emergency immunization campaign after the outbreak.
- The measles immunization campaign targeted all children under five.
immunization coverage
1/ˌɪmjunɪzˈeɪʃən kˈʌvɚɪd͡ʒ/
fixed phrase
percentage of people vaccinated
The share of people in a group who have received the vaccines they are supposed to get.
Примери
- Immunization coverage has increased to over 90% in the last decade.
- Low immunization coverage in some regions leaves many children at risk.
immunization program
1/ˌɪmjunɪzˈeɪʃən pɹˈoʊɡɹˌæm/
fixed phrase
organized plan for giving vaccines
An organized plan by a government or group to give vaccines to many people or animals.
Примери
- The national immunization program has nearly eliminated polio in the country.
- Funding cuts have threatened the childhood immunization program in rural areas.
immunization schedule
1/ˌɪmjunɪzˈeɪʃən skˈɛd͡ʒul/
fixed phrase
recommended timing for vaccines
The official plan that shows when babies, children, or adults should get each vaccine.
Примери
- Parents can download the national immunization schedule from the health ministry’s website.
- Your doctor will help you update your child’s immunization schedule if any shots were missed.
mass immunization campaign
1/mˈæs ˌɪmjunɪzˈeɪʃən kæmpˈeɪn/
fixed phrase
large-scale national vaccination drive
A very big effort to give vaccines to a large number of people, often across a whole region or country.
Примери
- The government announced a mass immunization campaign to stop the spread of the new virus.
- Volunteers helped during the mass immunization campaign in remote villages.
routine immunization
1/ɹutˈin ˌɪmjunɪzˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
regularly scheduled standard vaccines
Vaccines that are normally given on a regular plan, not only during an emergency or special campaign.
Примери
- Improving routine immunization is key to preventing future outbreaks.
- The clinic offers routine immunization services every weekday.