انگلیسی

generalisation

gb/d͡ʒˈɛnɚəlɪsˈeɪʃən/ us/d͡ʒˈɛnɚəlɪsˈeɪʃən/
B2 انگلیسی
معنی‌ها
۰ معنی
اسم B2 abstract
1

broad claim about a whole group

A general statement about many things or people, often not true for all of them.

الگوی کاربرد: a generalisation (about [someone/something])
اشتباه رایج:
Learners may use a generalisation as if it were a proven fact; in English it often suggests the statement may be too broad or unfair.
هم‌معنی‌ها
sweeping statement (Emphasises that it is too broad or unfair.) | broad claim (Highlights lack of detail rather than unfairness.) | generalization (US spelling.)
متضادها
specific claim (Limited to a particular case rather than a whole category.) | detail (Focuses on precise information instead of a broad summary.)
ترکیب‌های رایج
a sweeping generalisation |a broad generalisation |a crude generalisation |an unfair generalisation |a misleading generalisation |a dangerous generalisation |a lazy generalisation |to make generalisations |to avoid generalisations |to challenge a generalisation
موضوع‌ها
communication |thinking |society
نمونه‌ها
  • Saying that teenagers are lazy is a common generalisation.
  • It’s a dangerous generalisation to assume everyone from one country thinks the same way.
  • The report avoids generalisations and gives concrete examples.
نمونه‌های زبان‌آموزی
  • That is a generalisation about students.
  • Try not to make generalisations.
اسم formal C1 process
2

forming a general rule from examples

Making a general rule by looking at many examples.

الگوی کاربرد: generalisation from [examples/data]
اشتباه رایج:
Learners sometimes confuse the process (generalisation) with a single broad statement (a generalisation).
هم‌معنی‌ها
abstraction (Often suggests focusing on the essential features and ignoring details.) | induction (A more technical term for reasoning from particular cases to a general conclusion.)
متضادها
particularisation (Moving from general ideas to specific cases.) | specification (Making something more detailed or exact.)
ترکیب‌های رایج
generalisation from data |generalisation from experience |the ability to generalise |to draw a generalisation |to test a generalisation |to support a generalisation |to base a generalisation on evidence |a useful generalisation |a valid generalisation |a rough generalisation
موضوع‌ها
education |thinking |science
نمونه‌ها
  • Children learn language through generalisation from the speech they hear.
  • The theory depends on generalisation from a small number of observations.
  • Good teaching encourages generalisation, not just memorisation.
نمونه‌های زبان‌آموزی
  • We learn by generalisation from examples.
اسم technical C1 property
3

working well in new cases

How well something works on new examples.

الگوی کاربرد: generalisation to [new data/populations/situations]
اشتباه رایج:
Often confused with 'generalisation' meaning a broad statement about people; in this sense it refers to performance beyond the original data.
هم‌معنی‌ها
transferability (Emphasises working in different settings or tasks.) | external validity (Common in research; emphasises whether findings apply beyond the study sample.)
متضادها
overfitting (Performing well on training data but badly on new data.)
ترکیب‌های رایج
good generalisation |poor generalisation |generalisation performance |generalisation error |generalisation ability |generalisation to new data |out-of-sample generalisation |improve generalisation |test generalisation |lack of generalisation
موضوع‌ها
technology |science |statistics
نمونه‌ها
  • The model shows strong generalisation on unseen data.
  • We added regularisation to improve generalisation performance.
  • The study’s main weakness is limited generalisation to other populations.
نمونه‌های زبان‌آموزی
  • This model has good generalisation.
اسم formal C1 process
4

making something less specific

Changing something so it applies to more cases.

الگوی کاربرد: generalisation of [something] (to [a wider area/group])
اشتباه رایج:
In this sense, it refers to changing scope, not to making a possibly unfair statement about people.
هم‌معنی‌ها
broadening (Emphasises expanding scope.) | extension (Often used when expanding a rule or idea to cover more cases.)
متضادها
specialisation (Making something more narrowly focused or specific.) | narrowing (Reducing scope or applicability.)
ترکیب‌های رایج
generalisation of a rule |generalisation of a principle |generalisation of a policy |generalisation of findings |the generalisation of a model |a further generalisation |a gradual generalisation |the need for generalisation |generalisation to a wider context |generalisation across contexts
موضوع‌ها
business |law |communication
نمونه‌ها
  • The generalisation of the rule created confusion in some departments.
  • They argued for the generalisation of the pilot scheme to other regions.
  • This is a useful generalisation of earlier work, but it loses some detail.
نمونه‌های زبان‌آموزی
  • The change is a generalisation of the old rule.
اسم technical C2 process
5

spreading a language pattern

In language study: when a rule starts to apply more widely.

الگوی کاربرد: generalisation of [a pattern/rule] (to [contexts])
هم‌معنی‌ها
regularisation (Focuses on making irregular patterns more regular (a common result of generalisation).)
متضادها
restriction (A pattern applying in fewer contexts rather than more.)
ترکیب‌های رایج
rule generalisation |pattern generalisation |generalisation of a sound change |generalisation of an ending |generalisation across paradigms |a process of generalisation |generalisation of a construction
موضوع‌ها
language |linguistics |education
نمونه‌ها
  • The generalisation of the -ed ending is common in learners’ English.
  • The paper traces the generalisation of a sound pattern across dialects.
  • Analogy can drive generalisation in verb forms over time.
دستور زبان
صورت پایه
generalisation
IPA
GB/d͡ʒˈɛnɚəlɪsˈeɪʃən/
US/d͡ʒˈɛnɚəlɪsˈeɪʃən/
هجاها و تکیه
gen - er - al - isa - tion (۵ هجا)
Stress on 1st syllable (gen)
صورت‌های واژه
Noun
  • Base: generalisation
  • Plural: generalisation, generalisations
خانوادهٔ واژه
Forms
generalisations noun
Core family
general adjective B1 generally adverb B1 generalise verb B2
Related words
generalist noun C1 generalisable adjective
Negative and opposite forms
specific adjective B1 specifically adverb B1
Advanced or less common
generality noun overgeneralise verb overgeneralisation noun
عبارت‌ها

as a generalisation

1
/ˈæz ə d͡ʒˈɛnɚəlɪsˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase formal

as a rough overall statement

Used to show you are speaking generally, not exactly.

نمونه‌ها
  • As a generalisation, small companies move faster than large ones.
  • As a generalisation, winter is wetter on the west coast.
  • As a generalisation, the training helped, but some teams still struggled.

broad generalisation

1
/bɹˈɔd d͡ʒˈɛnɚəlɪsˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase

general statement lacking detail

A general idea, not the details.

نمونه‌ها
  • As a broad generalisation, prices have risen over the last decade.
  • The introduction offers a broad generalisation before the detailed analysis.
  • That may be true in broad generalisation, but there are many exceptions.

hasty generalisation

1
/hˈeɪsti d͡ʒˈɛnɚəlɪsˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase formal

conclusion from too little evidence

A wrong general idea from only a few examples.

نمونه‌ها
  • One bad review isn’t enough to avoid the restaurant; that’s a hasty generalisation.
  • The argument relies on hasty generalisation from two cases.
  • Researchers warned against hasty generalisations based on early results.

make a generalisation

1
/mˈeɪk ə d͡ʒˈɛnɚəlɪsˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase

state something in general terms

To say something general about many things or people.

نمونه‌ها
  • I don’t want to make a generalisation about all managers, but some are difficult.
  • It’s risky to make generalisations from one experience.
  • The speaker made a generalisation that didn’t fit the facts.

sweeping generalisation

1
/swˈipɪŋ d͡ʒˈɛnɚəlɪsˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase

very broad, often unfair claim

A statement that is too general and often not true.

نمونه‌ها
  • It’s a sweeping generalisation to say the whole city is unsafe.
  • The article makes sweeping generalisations about single parents.
  • Avoid sweeping generalisations when you write academically.

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