lobbying
gb/lˈɑbiɪŋ/ us/lˈɑbiɪŋ/
B2
Anglų
lobbizás, lobbytevékenység, lobbizik, lobbiszakma, lobbiszektor
DAIKTAVARDIS
B2
1
lobbizás
C1
Vartosenos šablonas:
lobbying by [someone]; lobbying for/against [something]; lobbying on behalf of [someone]
The bill passed after months of lobbying by environmental groups.
A törvényjavaslat azután ment át, hogy a környezetvédő csoportok hónapokon át lobbiztak mellette.
The company spent millions on lobbying in Washington.
A vállalat milliókat költött Washingtonban folytatott lobbizásra.
New rules require more transparency around lobbying and political donations.
Mokymuisi skirti pavyzdžiai
Lobbying can change laws.
A lobbizás megváltoztathatja a törvényeket.
Many groups spend money on lobbying.
Sok csoport költ pénzt lobbizásra.
Dažna klaida:
Lobbying is usually uncountable: say “lobbying” or “a lobbying campaign,” not “a lobbying.” It does not necessarily mean bribery.
Reikšmė
influencing political decisions
Kolokacijos
political lobbying
|corporate lobbying
|intense lobbying
|heavy lobbying
|lobbying efforts
|lobbying campaign
|lobbying group
|lobbying firm
|lobbying rules
|lobbying ban
Sinonimai
advocacy (Broader; can include public support and campaigning, not only influencing officials.)
|
pressure campaign (Often sounds more forceful or critical.)
|
influence campaign (Broader; may target public opinion as well as decision-makers.)
Temos
politics
|government
|law
|business
|public_policy
Apibrėžimas
Lobbying is trying to persuade people in power, especially government officials, to make the decision you want.
The organized activity of trying to influence politicians, government officials, or other decision-makers, especially about laws, regulations, or public policy.
VEIKSMAŽODIS
B2
2
lobbizik
C1
Vartosenos šablonas:
[someone] is lobbying [someone] for/against [something]; [someone] is lobbying to [do something]
Parents are lobbying the council for safer crossings near the school.
A szülők a tanácsnál lobbiznak biztonságosabb átkelőhelyekért az iskola közelében.
The industry has been lobbying against stricter emissions limits.
Az iparág szigorúbb kibocsátási határértékek ellen lobbizik.
She is lobbying to get the policy changed before the vote.
Mokymuisi skirti pavyzdžiai
Students are lobbying for longer library hours.
A diákok hosszabb könyvtári nyitvatartásért lobbiznak.
Farmers are lobbying the government for help.
A gazdák segítségért lobbiznak a kormánynál.
Dažna klaida:
Use “for” when you support something and “against” when you oppose it: “lobbying for reform,” “lobbying against the bill.” You can also lobby the person you are trying to persuade: “lobby lawmakers.”
Reikšmė
trying to influence authorities
Kolokacijos
lobby hard
|lobby actively
|lobby Congress
|lobby the government
|lobby lawmakers
|lobby ministers
|lobby for change
|lobby against a proposal
|lobby to change the law
|lobby on behalf of clients
Sinonimai
campaign (Often more public and sustained; less specifically directed at officials.)
|
advocate (Emphasizes supporting a cause or idea.)
|
press (Means to urge strongly, often with more pressure.)
Temos
politics
|government
|business
|workplace
|advocacy
Apibrėžimas
If you are lobbying for something, you are trying to persuade people in power to agree to it.
The present participle of lobby: trying to persuade a person or organization in authority to support, oppose, or change something.
DAIKTAVARDIS
B2
BUSINESS
3
lobbiszakma
C1
lobbiszektor
C1
Vartosenos šablonas:
work in lobbying; go into lobbying; a career in lobbying
After leaving politics, she built a career in lobbying.
Miután kiszállt a politikából, a lobbiszakmában épített karriert.
Several former officials now work in lobbying and government relations.
Több volt tisztviselő ma már a lobbiszektorban és a kormányzati kapcsolatok területén dolgozik.
The report examines the growth of the lobbying industry.
Mokymuisi skirti pavyzdžiai
His new job is in lobbying.
Az új állása a lobbiszakmában van.
She wants a career in lobbying.
A lobbiszakmában szeretne karriert építeni.
Dažna klaida:
Do not use “lobby” for the person; the person is a “lobbyist.” In “He works in lobbying,” lobbying is a field of work, not a place in a building.
Reikšmė
political influence profession
Kolokacijos
work in lobbying
|go into lobbying
|a career in lobbying
|the lobbying industry
|paid lobbying
|professional lobbying
|lobbying work
|lobbying job
|lobbying career
|the world of lobbying
Sinonimai
government relations (Common business label, often softer or more formal than lobbying.)
|
public affairs (Broader; includes communications and policy work, not only lobbying.)
|
advocacy (Broader and may be unpaid or nonprofit.)
Temos
politics
|government
|business
|careers
Apibrėžimas
Lobbying can mean paid work where people try to influence government decisions for clients or organizations.
The profession, business, or industry of working as a lobbyist, especially for companies, interest groups, or charities.
Gramatika
Pagrindinė forma
lobbying
IPA
GB/lˈɑbiɪŋ/
US/lˈɑbiɪŋ/
Skiemenys ir kirčiavimas
lob - by - ing (3 skiemenys)
Stress on 1st syllable (lob)
Žodžio formos
Noun
- Base: lobbying
- Plural: lobbying, lobbyings
Posakiai
direct lobbying
1/dɪɹˈɛkt lˈɑbiɪŋ/
fixed phrase
technical
direct contact with officials
Lobbying by speaking or writing directly to the officials who make decisions.
Pavyzdžiai
- Direct lobbying included meetings with ministers and written comments on the bill.
- Charities must report direct lobbying separately from other campaign activity.
- The company increased its direct lobbying after the proposal reached committee.
Mokymuisi skirti pavyzdžiai
- Direct lobbying means contacting officials yourself.
- The group used direct lobbying before the vote.
grassroots lobbying
1/ɡɹˈæsɹˈuts lˈɑbiɪŋ/
fixed phrase
citizen-based lobbying
Lobbying that uses ordinary people, not just professional lobbyists, to persuade leaders.
Pavyzdžiai
- The organization used grassroots lobbying, asking members to call their representatives.
- Grassroots lobbying helped turn a local issue into a national debate.
- The campaign combined social media outreach with grassroots lobbying.
Mokymuisi skirti pavyzdžiai
- Grassroots lobbying asks ordinary people to contact leaders.
- The group used grassroots lobbying to support the bill.
lobbying ban
1/lˈɑbiɪŋ bˈæn/
fixed phrase
legal
rule against lobbying
A rule that stops someone from lobbying.
Pavyzdžiai
- The former minister faced a two-year lobbying ban after leaving office.
- Several cities introduced a lobbying ban for companies bidding on public contracts.
- The ethics committee said the adviser had violated the lobbying ban.
Mokymuisi skirti pavyzdžiai
- The lobbying ban stops him from lobbying for two years.
- The city created a new lobbying ban.
lobbying campaign
1/lˈɑbiɪŋ kæmpˈeɪn/
fixed phrase
organized influence effort
A planned effort to persuade decision-makers about a law or policy.
Pavyzdžiai
- Environmental charities launched a lobbying campaign to protect the river.
- The measure failed despite a well-funded lobbying campaign.
- The union ran a lobbying campaign for better safety standards.
Mokymuisi skirti pavyzdžiai
- They started a lobbying campaign for the new school.
- The lobbying campaign lasted six months.
lobbying disclosure
1/lˈɑbiɪŋ dɪsklˈoʊʒɚ/
fixed phrase
legal
reporting lobbying activity
Information that shows who is lobbying, what they are lobbying about, and sometimes how much money they spend.
Pavyzdžiai
- The law requires lobbying disclosure for anyone paid to influence federal legislation.
- Journalists used lobbying disclosure records to identify the company's clients.
- The reform package includes stricter lobbying disclosure rules.
Mokymuisi skirti pavyzdžiai
- Lobbying disclosure shows who paid for lobbying.
- The forms are part of lobbying disclosure.
lobbying firm
1/lˈɑbiɪŋ fˈɚm/
fixed phrase
business
paid lobbying business
A company that is paid to persuade government officials for its clients.
Pavyzdžiai
- The airline hired a lobbying firm to argue against the new tax.
- He registered as a consultant for a Washington lobbying firm.
- Several lobbying firms reported record revenue last year.
Mokymuisi skirti pavyzdžiai
- The company paid a lobbying firm.
- She works for a lobbying firm.
lobbying group
1/lˈɑbiɪŋ ɡɹˈup/
fixed phrase
organization influencing policy
A group that tries to persuade the government about an issue.
Pavyzdžiai
- The lobbying group represents small technology companies.
- A health lobbying group is pushing for stricter rules on tobacco ads.
- The senator met representatives from several lobbying groups before the vote.
Mokymuisi skirti pavyzdžiai
- A lobbying group spoke to the mayor.
- The lobbying group wants a new law.