hardship
gb/hˈɑɹdʃɪp/ us/hˈɑɹdʃɪp/
B2
Anglų
~ 8800
Reikšmės
0 reikšmių
Daiktavardis
B2
state
1
serious difficulty and suffering
A very difficult and uncomfortable situation in life, especially when you do not have enough money or basic things you need.
Vartosenos šablonas:
to suffer [hardship]; to face [hardship]; [hardship] caused by [something]
Dažna klaida:
Learners sometimes confuse "hardship" with the adjective "hard" or the noun "hardness". "Hardship" is a noun for a serious life difficulty, often about money or basic needs, and is usually used as an uncountable noun ("face hardship"). It can be countable in the plural when you talk about many types of difficulty ("the hardships of war"), but not normally as a singular with "a" for small problems (say "a problem" or "a difficulty", not "a hardship" for a minor issue).
Sinonimai
difficulty (More general and can be small or large; hardship suggests stronger, more serious difficulty.)
|
adversity (Very close in meaning, but slightly more formal and can include emotional or social problems, not only money.)
|
deprivation (Focuses more on not having basic things like food, heat, or housing; hardship is broader.)
Antonimai
comfort (Suggests having enough money and basic needs so life is easy and pleasant, the opposite of living in hardship.)
Kolokacijos
suffer hardship
|face hardship
|financial hardship
|economic hardship
|period of hardship
|hardship and suffering
Temos
daily life
|economy
|social issues
|health
|finance
|core_vocabulary
Pavyzdžiai
- After losing his job, he went through years of financial hardship.
- The war brought great hardship to ordinary families.
- Many students experience hardship while trying to pay for college.
- They grew up in hardship, without proper heating or running water.
- The charity provides support to people facing severe hardship.
Mokymuisi skirti pavyzdžiai
- She lived in hardship after her husband died.
- The family felt hardship when they lost their home.
- During the flood, many people suffered hardship.
- He works two jobs to avoid hardship.
- The government gives money to people in hardship.
Daiktavardis
formal
C1
entity
2
difficulty used to justify exemption
A serious problem or high cost that you use as a reason to ask for special treatment, such as lower payments or an exception to a rule.
Vartosenos šablonas:
[someone] claims [hardship]; [authority] grants [hardship] exemption; undue [hardship] on [someone/something]
Dažna klaida:
Learners may not realize this is a formal, often legal or official use of "hardship". In this sense it is usually used with words like "undue", "exemption", "waiver", "plan", and often appears in documents, contracts, or government rules. For everyday personal difficulties, it is more natural to use the general sense of "hardship" or simply "money problems" or "serious difficulties".
Sinonimai
undue burden (Technical and legal term emphasizing that the difficulty or cost is too great or unreasonable.)
|
disproportionate difficulty (Formal phrase stressing that the level of difficulty is too large compared to the benefit or requirement.)
Antonimai
no hardship (Used in formal and legal contexts to show that following the rule does not create serious difficulty, the opposite of a hardship situation.)
Kolokacijos
undue hardship
|claim hardship
|prove hardship
|hardship exemption
|hardship waiver
Temos
law
|business
|social issues
|core_vocabulary
Pavyzdžiai
- The landlord may reduce the rent if the tenant can prove genuine financial hardship.
- Employers must provide reasonable accommodations unless doing so would cause undue hardship to the business.
- The university offers a hardship waiver for students who cannot afford the full tuition fees.
- She applied for a hardship exemption from the tax penalty after losing her job.
- The judge considered the hardship that deportation would cause to the family.
Mokymuisi skirti pavyzdžiai
- He asked the bank for a hardship plan to lower his monthly payments.
- The company must help disabled workers unless it causes undue hardship.
- The school gave her a hardship grant because her parents lost their jobs.
- They got a hardship waiver, so they did not have to pay the extra fee.
- The law allows a hardship exception in very special cases.
Gramatika
Pagrindinė forma
hardship
IPA
GB/hˈɑɹdʃɪp/
US/hˈɑɹdʃɪp/
Skiemenys ir kirčiavimas
hard - ship (2 skiemenys)
Stress on 1st syllable (hard)
Žodžio formos
Noun
- Base: hardship
- Plural: hardship, hardships
Žodžių šeima
Posakiai
economic hardship
1/ˌɛkənˈɑmɪk hˈɑɹdʃɪp/
fixed phrase
serious economic difficulty
Serious money and job problems in a person’s life, a group, or a whole country, often caused by a bad economy.
Pavyzdžiai
- Many small businesses closed during the period of economic hardship.
- The policy changes led to economic hardship for farmers in the region.
- The report warns that rising prices may cause widespread economic hardship.
financial hardship
1/fɪnˈænʃəl hˈɑɹdʃɪp/
fixed phrase
serious money-related difficulty
Serious money problems that make it hard to pay for basic needs or bills.
Pavyzdžiai
- After the accident, the family fell into financial hardship and struggled to pay rent.
- The charity supports people in financial hardship due to illness or job loss.
- Students facing financial hardship can apply for additional funding.
hardship allowance
1/hˈɑɹdʃɪp əlˈaʊəns/
fixed phrase
formal
extra pay for difficult conditions
Extra money that a worker gets because their job is in very hard or unpleasant conditions or in a difficult place.
Pavyzdžiai
- Employees who work in remote villages receive a hardship allowance.
- The contract includes a hardship allowance for staff posted in conflict areas.
- Some teachers refuse positions in the region, even with the hardship allowance.
undue hardship
1/ʌndˈu hˈɑɹdʃɪp/
fixed phrase
formal
excessive difficulty or cost
A very serious problem, cost, or difficulty that is too big and is therefore not fair to require from a person or company.
Pavyzdžiai
- An employer is not required to make changes that would cause undue hardship to the business.
- The court decided that repaying the full amount would create undue hardship for the debtor.
- The law allows exceptions when following the rule would result in undue hardship.
undue hardship
2/ʌndˈu hˈɑɹdʃɪp/
fixed phrase
technical
very serious or excessive hardship
A very serious problem, cost, or difficulty, especially a legal limit on what an employer or organization must do to help someone.
Pavyzdžiai
- Employers must provide reasonable accommodations unless it would cause undue hardship.
- The court decided that allowing the request would not create an undue hardship for the company.