commence
gb/kəmˈɛns/ us/kəmˈɛns/
B2
ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ
~ 26900
ਅਰਥ
0 ਅਰਥ
ਕਿਰਿਆ
formal
B2
action
1
to begin, to start
To start something, or to begin to happen.
ਵਰਤੋਂ ਦਾ ਢਾਂਚਾ:
to commence [activity/thing]
ਆਮ ਗਲਤੀ:
Learners often treat 'commence' as normal everyday English and use it in casual conversation where 'start' or 'begin' is more natural (e.g., saying *'Let's commence'* with friends instead of 'Let's start'). Learners also sometimes write *'commence to do'* in very informal texts; while it is grammatically correct, 'start to do' or 'start doing' usually sounds more natural.
ਸਮਾਨਾਰਥਕ ਸ਼ਬਦ
begin (Common and neutral; suitable in almost all contexts where 'commence' is used, but less formal.)
|
start (Very common and informal-neutral; often preferred in everyday speech instead of 'commence'.)
ਵਿਲੋਮ ਸ਼ਬਦ
finish (Opposite in time; marks the end of something that 'commence' begins.)
|
stop (Opposite action; to cause an activity to end or not continue.)
ਸ਼ਬਦ-ਜੋੜ
commence at [time]
|commence on [date]
|commence a meeting
|commence construction
|commence training
|commence the project
ਵਿਸ਼ੇ
business
|education
|daily life
|core_vocabulary
|daily_life
ਉਦਾਹਰਨਾਂ
- The ceremony will commence at 10 a.m. sharp.
- Construction on the new bridge is scheduled to commence next month.
- Once everyone is seated, we can commence the meeting.
- The course will commence with an introduction to basic concepts.
- Talks are expected to commence after the election results are announced.
ਸਿਖਿਆਰਥੀਆਂ ਲਈ ਉਦਾਹਰਨਾਂ
- The movie will commence at seven o'clock.
- Classes commence on the first Monday of September.
- We will commence the test when all students are ready.
- The program will commence with a short video.
- They plan to commence building the house in June.
ਕਿਰਿਆ
technical
C1
action
2
to start an official process
To officially start a legal or formal action, like a court case or investigation.
ਵਰਤੋਂ ਦਾ ਢਾਂਚਾ:
to commence [process/proceedings/action]
ਆਮ ਗਲਤੀ:
Learners may use this formal legal sense in everyday situations where a simple 'start' sounds more natural, for example writing *'commence action against my neighbor'* in a casual email. It is best kept for official or legal writing.
ਸਮਾਨਾਰਥਕ ਸ਼ਬਦ
initiate (Very similar in legal and official contexts; slightly more common than 'commence' in some technical writing.)
|
institute (Common in legal phrases like 'institute proceedings'; emphasizes setting a process in motion.)
ਵਿਲੋਮ ਸ਼ਬਦ
terminate (Used in legal and formal contexts to mean officially end a process or contract.)
|
withdraw (In legal contexts, means to stop or cancel an action that was commenced, such as a claim or application.)
ਸ਼ਬਦ-ਜੋੜ
commence legal proceedings
|commence an investigation
|commence disciplinary action
|commence enforcement action
|commence an appeal
|commence bankruptcy proceedings
ਵਿਸ਼ੇ
law
|business
|government
ਉਦਾਹਰਨਾਂ
- The company intends to commence legal proceedings against the supplier for breach of contract.
- If payment is not received within 14 days, we will commence recovery action without further notice.
- The regulator has commenced an investigation into possible market abuse.
- She instructed her lawyers to commence divorce proceedings immediately.
- The government may commence enforcement action if the terms of the license are not met.
ਸਿਖਿਆਰਥੀਆਂ ਲਈ ਉਦਾਹਰਨਾਂ
- The bank decided to commence legal proceedings against the customer.
- Police will commence an investigation into the accident.
- If you do not pay, the company can commence action in court.
- They plan to commence disciplinary proceedings next week.
- Her lawyer will commence an appeal against the decision.
ਕਿਰਿਆ
archaic
C2
action
3
to receive a degree (old use)
In old English, to receive a degree from a university.
ਵਰਤੋਂ ਦਾ ਢਾਂਚਾ:
to commence [degree/title]
ਸਮਾਨਾਰਥਕ ਸ਼ਬਦ
graduate (Modern verb for finishing a course and receiving a degree; 'commence' in this sense is old-fashioned.)
ਵਿਲੋਮ ਸ਼ਬਦ
fail (In an academic context, to not meet the requirements to receive a degree.)
ਸ਼ਬਦ-ਜੋੜ
commence bachelor
|commence master
|commence doctor
|commence B.A.
|commence M.A.
ਵਿਸ਼ੇ
education
|history
ਉਦਾਹਰਨਾਂ
- He commenced Bachelor of Arts at Oxford in 1623.
- Several scholars commenced Master of Theology at the ceremony.
- She commenced Doctor in Civil Law after many years of study.
ਸਿਖਿਆਰਥੀਆਂ ਲਈ ਉਦਾਹਰਨਾਂ
- In old books, you may read that a man 'commenced bachelor' at a university.
- This use of 'commence' to mean 'receive a degree' is now very rare.
- Today, we say 'graduate', not 'commence', when a student finishes university.
ਵਿਆਕਰਨ
ਸ਼ਬਦਕੋਸ਼ੀ ਰੂਪ
commence
IPA
GB/kəmˈɛns/
US/kəmˈɛns/
ਸਿਲੇਬਲ ਅਤੇ ਜ਼ੋਰ
com - mence (2 ਸਿਲੇਬਲ)
Stress on 2nd syllable (mence)
ਸ਼ਬਦ ਰੂਪ
Verb
- Base: commence
- 3rd Person Singular: commences
- Present Participle: commencing
- Past: commenced
ਸ਼ਬਦ ਪਰਿਵਾਰ
Forms
commences
verb
commencing
verb
commenced
verb
Core family
commencement
noun B2
Related words
recommence
verb
ਅਭਿਵੈਕਤੀਆਂ
commence on
2/kəmˈɛns ˈɔn/
phrasal verb
formal
to start on a date
To begin at a stated date or time.
ਉਦਾਹਰਨਾਂ
- The training program will commence on 1 July.
- Her contract is due to commence on the first day of next month.
commence operations
4/kəmˈɛns ˌɑpɚˈeɪʃənz/
fixed phrase
formal
to begin business activities
To start doing business or start working as an organization.
ਉਦਾਹਰਨਾਂ
- The new plant is expected to commence operations early next year.
- Once we receive the final permits, we can commence operations immediately.
commence proceedings
5/kəmˈɛns pɹoʊsˈidɪŋz/
fixed phrase
technical
to start a legal case
To officially start a case in court or another legal process.
ਉਦਾਹਰਨਾਂ
- If the debt remains unpaid, the company may commence proceedings without further warning.
- They decided not to commence proceedings after reaching a private settlement.
commence with
1/kəmˈɛns wˈɪθ/
phrasal verb
formal
to begin by doing something
To start something by first doing or including a particular thing.
ਉਦਾਹਰਨਾਂ
- The lecture will commence with a brief overview of the syllabus.
- We shall commence with introductions before moving to the main agenda.
commence work
3/kəmˈɛns wˈɚk/
fixed phrase
formal
to begin work or a project
To start doing a job, task, or project.
ਉਦਾਹਰਨਾਂ
- Contractors will commence work on the site in May.
- New staff are expected to commence work at the beginning of the month.