runoff
gb/ɹˈʌnˌɔf/ us/ɹˈʌnˌɔf/
B2
Engelska
felszíni lefolyás, második forduló, rájátszás, pótfutam, állomány leépülése, kifutás
SUBSTANTIV
B2
1
Användningsmönster:
[adjective] runoff; runoff from [place/source]; runoff into [waterway]
Heavy rain sent polluted runoff into the bay.
A heves esőzés miatt szennyezett felszíni lefolyás jutott az öbölbe.
The new parking lot increased runoff after storms.
Az új parkoló a viharok után növelte a felszíni lefolyást.
Farm runoff can carry fertilizer into nearby rivers.
Exempel för inlärare
Rain runoff flowed down the street.
Az eső okozta felszíni lefolyás végigfolyt az utcán.
Plants help reduce runoff.
A növények segítenek csökkenteni a felszíni lefolyást.
Vanligt misstag:
Runoff is a noun. Use the two-word verb run off for the action: Rainwater runs off the road.
Betydelse
surface water drainage
Ordkombinationer
stormwater runoff
|surface runoff
|urban runoff
|agricultural runoff
|rainfall runoff
|snowmelt runoff
|contaminated runoff
|runoff pollution
|runoff from farms
|reduce runoff
Synonymer
drainage (more general; can mean the movement of water or the system that carries it away)
|
surface flow (more technical and emphasizes water moving over a surface)
|
overflow (usually means liquid that exceeds a container, channel, or limit)
Antonymer
infiltration (water soaking down into soil rather than flowing over the surface)
|
absorption (water being taken into a material instead of flowing away)
Teman
environment
|weather
|water
|agriculture
|engineering
Definition
rainwater or melted snow that flows away over the surface instead of going into the soil
Water or other liquid that flows over land, roads, or roofs into drains, rivers, or the sea instead of soaking into the ground.
SUBSTANTIV
B2
2
Användningsmönster:
a runoff between [candidate] and [candidate]; go to a runoff; advance to the runoff
Neither candidate won a majority, so the race will go to a runoff.
Egyik jelölt sem szerzett többséget, ezért második fordulót tartanak.
She advanced to the runoff against the incumbent mayor.
Bejutott a második fordulóba, ahol a hivatalban lévő polgármesterrel száll szembe.
The runoff is scheduled for next month.
Exempel för inlärare
No one won, so there will be a runoff.
Senki sem nyert, ezért lesz második forduló.
Two candidates are in the runoff.
Két jelölt van a második fordulóban.
Vanligt misstag:
Do not confuse a runoff with running for office; a runoff happens after an earlier vote has no clear winner.
Betydelse
deciding election round
Ordkombinationer
election runoff
|presidential runoff
|Senate runoff
|mayoral runoff
|primary runoff
|runoff vote
|runoff round
|face a runoff
|force a runoff
|advance to a runoff
Synonymer
second round (clear, general phrase for the later vote)
|
runoff election (fuller form of the same idea)
|
second ballot (more formal or system-specific)
Antonymer
first round (the initial vote before any runoff)
|
outright win (a victory that avoids the need for a runoff)
Teman
politics
|elections
|government
Definition
an extra election held because no one won clearly the first time
A second election or voting round held when no candidate has received enough votes to be declared the winner.
SUBSTANTIV
C1
3
Användningsmönster:
a runoff for [place/prize]; a runoff between [competitors]
The two cyclists had identical times, so officials ordered a short runoff.
A két kerékpáros azonos időt ért el, ezért a bírók egy rövid pótfutamot rendeltek el.
A runoff was held to decide the last qualifying place.
Rájátszást tartottak az utolsó továbbjutó hely eldöntésére.
The judges called for a runoff between the two top teams.
Exempel för inlärare
They tied, so there was a runoff.
Döntetlen lett, ezért rájátszásra került sor.
Vanligt misstag:
In many sports contexts, tiebreaker or playoff is more common than runoff.
Betydelse
deciding contest after tie
Ordkombinationer
runoff race
|qualifying runoff
|final runoff
|runoff for first place
|runoff between the finalists
Synonymer
tiebreaker (more common when the problem is exactly a tie)
|
playoff (common in sports; may refer to a longer series or postseason competition)
|
decider (informal or journalistic term for a contest that settles the result)
Antonymer
tie (an unresolved equal result)
|
draw (a result with no winner)
Teman
sports
|competition
Definition
an extra contest used to choose a winner after a tie or unclear result
A race, match, or other contest held after an equal or inconclusive result to decide the winner or qualifier.
SUBSTANTIV
C2
BUSINESS
4
kifutás
C1
Användningsmönster:
[asset/portfolio/deposit] runoff; runoff in [assets/balances]; allow [holdings] to shrink through runoff
The central bank allowed its bond holdings to shrink through portfolio runoff.
A jegybank hagyta, hogy kötvényállománya a portfólió természetes leépülése révén csökkenjen.
Loan runoff accelerated as borrowers refinanced.
A hitelállomány leépülése felgyorsult, ahogy az adósok refinanszírozták hiteleiket.
The insurer manages old claims in a separate runoff unit.
Exempel för inlärare
The bank expected some loan runoff this year.
A bank idén a hitelállomány némi leépülésére számított.
Vanligt misstag:
This business sense does not mean water; it refers to a balance or portfolio shrinking over time.
Betydelse
gradual financial wind-down
Ordkombinationer
portfolio runoff
|balance-sheet runoff
|mortgage runoff
|loan runoff
|asset runoff
|deposit runoff
|insurance runoff
|runoff business
|natural runoff
|runoff rate
Synonymer
wind-down (often suggests a planned or controlled reduction)
|
drawdown (emphasizes the amount being reduced)
|
amortization (specific to loans or assets being paid down over time)
Antonymer
buildup (an increase in holdings or balances)
|
growth (a general increase rather than a decline)
|
origination (technical term for creating new loans or policies, opposite of letting old ones run off)
Teman
business
|finance
|banking
|insurance
Definition
a slow decrease in financial assets, loans, policies, or stock because they are paid off, expire, or are not replaced
A gradual reduction in a portfolio, book of business, inventory, or balance as assets mature, loans are repaid, policies expire, or items are not replaced.
Grammatik
Grundform
runoff
IPA
GB/ɹˈʌnˌɔf/
US/ɹˈʌnˌɔf/
Stavelser och betoning
run - off (2 stavelser)
Stress on 1st syllable (run)
Ordformer
Noun
- Base: runoff
- Plural: runoff, runoffs
Uttryck
agricultural runoff
1/ˌæɡɹɪkˈʌlt͡ʃɚəl ɹˈʌnˌɔf/
fixed phrase
farm water carrying pollutants
water from farms that can carry chemicals or soil into rivers and lakes
Exempel
- Agricultural runoff is a major source of pollution in the lake.
- Buffer strips along streams can reduce agricultural runoff.
- After heavy storms, agricultural runoff washed fertilizer into the river.
Exempel för inlärare
- Agricultural runoff can harm fish.
instant-runoff voting
1/ˈɪnstənt ɹˈʌnˌɔf vˈoʊtɪŋ/
fixed phrase
ranked-choice voting system
a voting method where people rank candidates, so no separate later runoff election is needed
Exempel
- The city adopted instant-runoff voting for mayoral elections.
- Under instant-runoff voting, voters rank their first, second, and third choices.
- Supporters say instant-runoff voting can prevent costly second elections.
Exempel för inlärare
- Instant-runoff voting lets voters rank candidates.
runoff pollution
1/ɹˈʌnˌɔf pəlˈuʃən/
fixed phrase
pollution carried by runoff
water pollution caused by dirty rainwater flowing into rivers, lakes, or the sea
Exempel
- Rain gardens can help reduce runoff pollution.
- The campaign teaches residents how lawn chemicals contribute to runoff pollution.
- Runoff pollution after storms has closed several beaches.
Exempel för inlärare
- Runoff pollution can make water unsafe.
stormwater runoff
1/stˈɔɹmwˌeɪtɚ ɹˈʌnˌɔf/
fixed phrase
rainwater draining from surfaces
rainwater that flows off hard surfaces like roads and roofs
Exempel
- The city built rain gardens to absorb stormwater runoff.
- Oil from roads can be carried into streams by stormwater runoff.
- New construction must include a plan for managing stormwater runoff.
Exempel för inlärare
- Stormwater runoff flowed into the drain.
urban runoff
1/ˈɚbən ɹˈʌnˌɔf/
fixed phrase
city surface water drainage
rainwater that flows through a city and may carry dirt or pollution
Exempel
- Urban runoff can make beaches unsafe after heavy rain.
- Permeable pavement helps reduce urban runoff.
- The report links fish deaths to polluted urban runoff.
Exempel för inlärare
- Urban runoff flows from streets into rivers.