Actor / Source
Who or what starts the event?
Maana
The participant that acts, causes, initiates, controls, or is presented as the source of an event.
Jinsi ya kuitambua
Ask who is doing, causing, or starting the event.
Mifano
I|Peter|the dog|the machine|the wind
the teacher explains|the wind opens
The dog bit the postman.
Visual guide
ACTOR / SOURCE who starts the event? [the dog] -> bit -> postman [the wind] -> opens [the teacher] -> explains = doer/causer/source
Actor clues may differ order: [dog] bit postman case: [dog-NOM/ERG] agreement: dog -> verb pronoun form: I / me topic: [dog-TOP] voice: by [dog] role = event starter
Mtazamo wa lugha
Katika lugha yako
Actors are often nominative and reflected in verb agreement; explicit subjects can be omitted when the verb is enough.
كتب الطالب الدرس.
The student wrote the lesson.
Katika lugha unayojifunza
Actors usually come before the object and verb; subjects are often unmarked but verbs reflect person and respect level.
মেয়েটি গান গায়।
The girl sings.
Learners may rely only on word order and miss verb agreement or honorific form.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.