State Label
Predicate adjective
Stative adjective
Result state
What state is it in?
core
basic
Description and quantity
Maana
A temporary or resulting condition of a participant: tired, broken, open, sick, ready, asleep, available.
Jinsi ya kuitambua
Ask whether the description is a state rather than a permanent type.
Mifano
Maneno
tired|open|closed|ready|broken
Virai
very tired|already open|still asleep
Sentensi
The window is open.
Visual guide
Basic shape
THING + current state window -> open (now) friend -> tired (now) door -> closed break -> broken state Ask: what state?
Compare shape
Stable vs state: PROPERTY: wooden window kind/material STATE: window is open condition now RESULT: window is broken state after event Some mark STATE/RESULT
Mtazamo wa lugha
Katika lugha yako
Arabic (Modern Standard)
Uwepo
strong
Umuhimu
Predicate adjectives can form present-tense state sentences without “be”, with agreement where relevant.
أنا متعب.
I tired.
Katika lugha unayojifunza
Bengali (standard)
Uwepo
strong
Ugumu
Temporary or resulting states often use adjective-like predicates or participles with zero copula in the present.
দরজাটা খোলা।
The door open.
Changamoto ya kawaida kwa wanaojifunza
Learners may confuse result states with progressive actions.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.