data
gb/dˈætə/ us/dˈætə/
B1
Ingles
Mga kahulugan
0 kahulugan
Pangngalan
B1
abstract
1
facts used to understand something
information and facts you can study or use.
Padron ng paggamit:
data on/about [topic]
Karaniwang pagkakamali:
In general English, data is often treated as uncountable (data is/was). Avoid *a data*; say a piece of data or a data point.
Mga kasingkahulugan
information (broader and less analytical.)
|
facts (emphasizes truth rather than measurement.)
Mga kasalungat
misinformation (false or misleading information.)
|
guesswork (decisions made without evidence.)
Mga kolokasyon
collect data
|analyze data
|data on
|data about
|look at the data
|reliable data
|accurate data
|recent data
|data shows
|data suggests
Mga tema
education
|media
|daily_life
Mga Halimbawa
- We don’t have enough data to say whether the policy worked.
- The report includes data on housing costs across the city.
- Please check the data before you publish the chart.
Mga Halimbawa para sa Nag-aaral
- We need more data.
- The data is correct.
Pangngalan
B1
entity
2
digital information used by computers
information that computers use, like files and numbers.
Padron ng paggamit:
store/process/transmit data
Karaniwang pagkakamali:
Don’t confuse data (information) with a device: a database stores data; it is not data itself.
Mga kasingkahulugan
information (less specifically digital.)
Mga kasalungat
paperwork (information kept on paper rather than digitally.)
Mga kolokasyon
store data
|process data
|transfer data
|data file
|data storage
|data system
|data center
|data backup
|data recovery
|data transfer
Mga tema
technology
|computing
|internet
Mga Halimbawa
- The app saves your data in the cloud.
- We encrypted the data before sending it over the network.
- If you delete the folder, you may lose important data.
Mga Halimbawa para sa Nag-aaral
- My phone stores a lot of data.
- Back up your data.
Pangngalan
technical
B2
abstract
3
measurements from research or tests
results you collect in a study or experiment.
Padron ng paggamit:
data from [experiment/study/survey]
Karaniwang pagkakamali:
In academic writing, you may see plural agreement (these data are). In everyday English, singular agreement (the data is) is common.
Mga kasingkahulugan
results (focuses on outcomes rather than the collected measurements themselves.)
|
statistics (often implies numerical summary or analysis.)
Mga kasalungat
anecdote (a single story rather than systematic evidence.)
Mga kolokasyon
collect data
|record data
|raw data
|experimental data
|survey data
|clinical data
|data set
|data analysis
|data quality
|publish data
Mga tema
science
|education
|health
Mga Halimbawa
- The researchers collected data from 500 participants.
- The data shows a clear increase in average temperatures.
- We need to clean the data before we run the analysis.
Mga Halimbawa para sa Nag-aaral
- We collected data in the lab.
- The data supports the idea.
Pangngalan
formal
B2
entity
4
information about a person
details that can identify a person.
Padron ng paggamit:
personal data about [someone]; collect/use/share personal data
Karaniwang pagkakamali:
Personal data is not only financial information; it can include email addresses, location data, or device IDs.
Mga kasingkahulugan
personal information (more everyday and less legal-sounding.)
Mga kasalungat
anonymous data (information that does not identify a person.)
Mga kolokasyon
personal data
|sensitive data
|protect data
|share data
|sell data
|data privacy
|data consent
|handle data
|store data securely
|data retention
Mga tema
law
|technology
|privacy
|business
Mga Halimbawa
- The company says it does not sell users’ personal data.
- You can request a copy of the personal data we hold about you.
- We removed names to reduce the risk of exposing personal data.
Mga Halimbawa para sa Nag-aaral
- Do not share personal data online.
- This form asks for personal data.
Pangngalan
technical
B2
entity
5
a collected set of information
a group of data kept together.
Padron ng paggamit:
a data set of [things]; a data set for [purpose]
Karaniwang pagkakamali:
Dataset/data set refers to a collection; data alone can be general information without a defined set.
Mga kasingkahulugan
collection (general word; not necessarily structured.)
Mga kasalungat
single value (one item rather than a collection.)
Mga kolokasyon
large data set
|training data
|test data
|data set
|labelled data
|balanced data
|share data
|download data
|merge data
|filter data
Mga tema
technology
|education
|business
Mga Halimbawa
- The team released a data set of traffic counts by street.
- We combined two data sets to get a fuller picture.
- This model performs well on the training data but poorly on new data.
Mga Halimbawa para sa Nag-aaral
- We downloaded a data set.
- This data set is very large.
Pangngalan
business
B2
abstract
6
information used for business decisions
information a business uses to make decisions.
Padron ng paggamit:
customer/sales/market data; use data to [do something]
Karaniwang pagkakamali:
Data in this sense usually means evidence from systems or research, not personal opinions.
Mga kasingkahulugan
metrics (usually specific measured numbers used to track performance.)
|
figures (often refers to numbers in reports.)
Mga kasalungat
hunch (a feeling not based on evidence.)
Mga kolokasyon
customer data
|sales data
|market data
|data insights
|data strategy
|data team
|use data
|data dashboard
|data reporting
|data metrics
Mga tema
business
|marketing
|technology
Mga Halimbawa
- The marketing team used customer data to improve targeting.
- Our sales data suggests demand is slowing in April.
- They built a dashboard to track key data in real time.
Mga Halimbawa para sa Nag-aaral
- We use data to plan.
- Sales data looks good this month.
Pangngalan
formal
C1
quantity
7
individual pieces of information (formal)
separate facts or results (formal use).
Padron ng paggamit:
these data; the data are [adjective]
Karaniwang pagkakamali:
In formal writing, data may take a plural verb (data are). In everyday English, singular (data is) is more common.
Mga kasingkahulugan
findings (emphasizes conclusions drawn from data.)
Mga kasalungat
assumption (something accepted without evidence.)
Mga kolokasyon
these data
|the data are
|data indicate
|data support
|data points
|observed data
|collected data
|reported data
|available data
|incomplete data
Mga tema
education
|science
|writing
Mga Halimbawa
- These data are consistent with earlier studies.
- The data indicate a strong relationship between the variables.
- Not all the data were available at the time of publication.
Mga Halimbawa para sa Nag-aaral
- These data are important.
- The data are incomplete.
Pangngalan
B1
quantity
8
internet usage on a phone plan
the internet you can use on your phone plan.
Padron ng paggamit:
use up [amount] of data; run out of data; a data plan
Karaniwang pagkakamali:
Data in this sense is usually uncountable; say How much data do I have left? not *How many datas*.
Mga kasingkahulugan
internet allowance (explains the idea but is less common.)
Mga kasalungat
Wi‑Fi (internet access via a local wireless network rather than a mobile data plan.)
Mga kolokasyon
use data
|save data
|run out of data
|data plan
|data allowance
|data usage
|unlimited data
|data roaming
|turn off data
|data limit
Mga tema
technology
|daily_life
|telecommunications
Mga Halimbawa
- I ran out of data before the end of the month.
- Streaming video can use a lot of data.
- You can turn off data to avoid extra charges while traveling.
Mga Halimbawa para sa Nag-aaral
- I don’t have much data left.
- This plan has unlimited data.
Gramatika
Mga ekspresyon
big data
1/bˈɪɡ dˈætə/
fixed phrase
technical
very large complex datasets
very large amounts of data that need special analysis.
Mga Halimbawa
- Retailers use big data to predict what customers will buy.
- The project relies on big data from millions of sensors.
- Big data analysis can reveal patterns that are hard to see otherwise.
data breach
1/dˈætə bɹˈit͡ʃ/
fixed phrase
formal
unauthorized access to data
when someone gets private data without permission.
Mga Halimbawa
- The hospital reported a data breach affecting thousands of patients.
- After the data breach, customers were advised to change their passwords.
- The company faces fines because it failed to prevent a data breach.
data entry
1/dˈætə ˈɛntɹi/
fixed phrase
business
typing information into a system
putting information into a computer.
Mga Halimbawa
- She does data entry for the accounts department.
- The form reduces errors by automating some data entry.
- We outsourced data entry to save time.
data mining
1/dˈætə mˈaɪnɪŋ/
fixed phrase
technical
finding patterns in large data
searching data to find useful patterns.
Mga Halimbawa
- The team used data mining to detect fraudulent transactions.
- Data mining can help identify which products are often bought together.
- They built tools for data mining customer reviews.
data mining
2/dˈætə mˈaɪnɪŋ/
fixed phrase
technical
Analyzing large datasets for patterns
Looking at a lot of data to find useful information.
Mga Halimbawa
- Data mining is used by online stores to recommend products.
- Data mining helps detect fraud in banking.
data point
1/dˈætə pˈɔɪnt/
fixed phrase
one individual value or fact
one piece of data.
Mga Halimbawa
- One data point doesn’t prove the trend, but it’s worth noting.
- We removed a data point that was clearly an error.
- Each dot on the chart represents a data point.
data protection
1/dˈætə pɹətˈɛkʃən/
fixed phrase
formal
keeping data safe and private
keeping information safe from misuse.
Mga Halimbawa
- Staff receive training on data protection and privacy.
- The new policy strengthens data protection for children’s accounts.
- Good data protection reduces the risk of leaks and fraud.
data-driven
1/dˈætə dɹˈɪvən/
fixed phrase
business
based on data and analysis
using data to make decisions.
Mga Halimbawa
- They took a data-driven approach to improving customer support.
- Our hiring process is more data-driven than it used to be.
- Data-driven decisions can reduce bias, but only if the data is reliable.
open data
1/ˈoʊpən dˈætə/
fixed phrase
formal
publicly available data to use
data that anyone can use.
Mga Halimbawa
- The city published open data on public transport delays.
- Open data can help journalists and researchers check official claims.
- They built an app using open data from government websites.