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Ipinapakita ang 1-18 sa kabuuang 83

Doer or cause

agent subject passive

Who or what starts the event?

The participant that acts, causes, initiates, controls, or is presented as the source of an event.

Participants, events and states

Affected participant

direct object object passive

Who or what is affected by the event?

The participant that receives the action, changes, is moved, is created, is consumed, or is otherwise affected.

Participants, events and states

What the sentence is about

topic subject

What is the statement about?

The participant or idea that the sentence is mainly about, even if it is not actively doing anything.

Participants, events and states

Recipient and beneficiary

dative case indirect object beneficiary recipient

To whom or for whose benefit does it happen?

The participant who receives something, gets a result, benefits from an action, or is the intended receiver.

Participants, events and states

Who feels, perceives or knows

Who feels, sees, knows, likes, or experiences it?

The participant that has an internal experience: perception, emotion, thought, desire, pain, knowledge, or preference.

Participants, events and states

Tool or means

instrumental case instrument

With what or through what does it happen?

The tool, medium, body part, system, channel, or mediator used to perform or transmit the action.

Participants, events and states

Action and event

verb predicate

What happens? What does someone do?

The central happening, action, change, process, movement, creation, perception, or relation around which the sentence is built.

Participants, events and states

State and existence

predicate predicative adjective linking verb there is / there are singular plural agreement adverbial

What exists or what state is it in?

A non-dynamic situation: being somewhere, existing, having a property, remaining in a condition, or being linked to a description.

Participants, events and states

Identity and classification

predicate predicate noun agreement classification

What is it? Who is who?

A relation that identifies, names, classifies, or equates one participant with another role, class, or label.

Participants, events and states

Participants

noun phrase noun pronoun

Who or what are we talking about?

Any person, object, animal, place, idea, event, or phenomenon that can take part in a thought.

Participants, events and states

When and how long

adverbial of time adverb

When does it happen?

The time location of an event or state: a point, period, date, moment, duration, or time frame.

Time and place

Past, present and future

tense past simple present perfect adverbial past tense present tense future tense

Is it in the past, present, or future?

The event's direction relative to the speaker's 'now': before, at, after, or relative to another reference time.

Time and place

Frequency

adverbial of frequency

How often does it happen?

How many times or how regularly an event happens: once, often, always, never, repeatedly, usually, sometimes.

Time and place

How an event unfolds

aspect continuous perfect past participle present perfect verb prefix

Is it ongoing, completed, habitual, repeated, or just starting?

The internal time shape of an event: in progress, finished, repeated, habitual, started, continued, or result-focused.

Time and place

Place

adverbial of place adverb

Where is it or where does it happen?

The spatial location of a participant, state, or event.

Time and place

Direction and destination

adverbial of place adverbial of direction

Where to or which way?

The endpoint or direction of movement, change, attention, transfer, or intention.

Time and place

Starting point and origin

adverbial of place

Where from?

The starting point of movement, transfer, information, origin, cause, or separation.

Time and place

Path

adverbial of place

Through where or along which path?

The route, passage, medium, or spatial path through which movement, perception, or transmission takes place.

Time and place
Ipinapakita ang 1–18 sa kabuuang 83
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