Actor / Source
Who or what starts the event?
معنی
The participant that acts, causes, initiates, controls, or is presented as the source of an event.
اسے کیسے پہچانیں
Ask who is doing, causing, or starting the event.
مثالیں
I|Peter|the dog|the machine|the wind
the teacher explains|the wind opens
The dog bit the postman.
Visual guide
ACTOR / SOURCE who starts the event? [the dog] -> bit -> postman [the wind] -> opens [the teacher] -> explains = doer/causer/source
Actor clues may differ order: [dog] bit postman case: [dog-NOM/ERG] agreement: dog -> verb pronoun form: I / me topic: [dog-TOP] voice: by [dog] role = event starter
زبان کا جائزہ
آپ کی زبان میں
Actors usually come before the object; perfective transitive clauses often mark the actor with نے.
رام نے کتاب پڑھی۔
Ram ERG book read.
سیکھی جانے والی زبان میں
Actors are often nominative and reflected in verb agreement; explicit subjects can be omitted when the verb is enough.
كتب الطالب الدرس.
The student wrote the lesson.
Learners may rely only on word order and miss agreement or nominative marking.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.