colonization
gb/kˌɑlənɪzˈeɪʃən/ us/kˌɑlənɪzˈeɪʃən/
C1
English
gyarmatosítás, kolonizáció, megtelepedés
NOUN
C1
1
Usage pattern:
colonization of [place] by [country/group]
The colonization of the Americas transformed societies on both sides of the Atlantic.
Amerika gyarmatosítása átalakította az Atlanti-óceán mindkét partjának társadalmait.
Many museums are reexamining objects acquired during European colonization.
Sok múzeum újra megvizsgálja az európai gyarmatosítás idején megszerzett tárgyakat.
The island's economy still reflects the legacy of colonization.
Learner examples
They studied the colonization of Africa in history class.
Történelemórán Afrika gyarmatosítását tanulták.
Colonization changed the language and laws of the country.
A gyarmatosítás megváltoztatta az ország nyelvét és törvényeit.
Common mistake:
Do not confuse colonization with colonialism: colonization is the process, while colonialism is the broader system or ideology.
Meaning
Colonial control and settlement
Collocations
European colonization
|British colonization
|Spanish colonization
|colonization of the Americas
|colonization of Africa
|history of colonization
|legacy of colonization
|during colonization
|resist colonization
|colonization and slavery
Synonyms
colonialism (Refers more to the system or ideology than to the process itself.)
|
conquest (Emphasizes military takeover more than settlement or long-term rule.)
|
occupation (Emphasizes control of a place, often without permanent settlement.)
Antonyms
decolonization (The ending or undoing of colonial control and its effects.)
|
independence (The state of being politically self-governing after outside control ends.)
Themes
history
|politics
|empire
|society
Definition
When one country or group takes control of another land and sends people to live and rule there.
The process by which a country or group takes control of another territory, settles people there, and often governs, exploits, or displaces the local population.
NOUN
C1
2
kolonizáció
C1
Usage pattern:
colonization of [place]; [place] colonization
Some scientists argue that space colonization is not a solution to problems on Earth.
Egyes tudósok szerint a világűr gyarmatosítása nem jelent megoldást a földi problémákra.
Any future colonization of Mars would require reliable sources of water and energy.
A Mars bármilyen jövőbeli gyarmatosításához megbízható víz- és energiaforrásokra lenne szükség.
The government once promoted the colonization of remote frontier regions.
Learner examples
Colonization of Mars would be very difficult.
A Mars gyarmatosítása nagyon nehéz lenne.
The plan was for permanent colonization, not a short visit.
A terv tartós gyarmatosításról szólt, nem rövid látogatásról.
Common mistake:
Colonization can sound politically loaded; settlement may be more neutral when no control or displacement is involved.
Meaning
Founding new settlements
Collocations
space colonization
|human colonization
|planetary colonization
|colonization of Mars
|lunar colonization
|permanent colonization
|interstellar colonization
|plans for colonization
|support colonization
|enable colonization
Synonyms
settlement (More neutral and general; does not necessarily suggest political control.)
|
habitation (Focuses on people living in a place rather than founding a colony.)
Antonyms
abandonment (The act of leaving a settlement or plan behind.)
|
evacuation (The organized removal of people from a place.)
Themes
settlement
|space
|society
|science
Definition
The process of making a new place into a permanent home for people.
The process of establishing a permanent human settlement in a new or not permanently inhabited place, especially in discussions of remote regions or other planets.
NOUN
C1
TECHNICAL
3
kolonizáció
C1
megtelepedés
B2
Usage pattern:
colonization of [site] by [organism]; colonization with [organism]
Antibiotic use can change the pattern of bacterial colonization in the gut.
Az antibiotikum-használat megváltoztathatja a baktériumok bélrendszeri kolonizációjának mintázatát.
Researchers measured the colonization of the rocks by algae and lichens.
A kutatók az algák és zuzmók sziklákon való megtelepedését mérték.
Nasal colonization with MRSA can increase the risk of later infection.
Learner examples
The doctor found bacterial colonization, but not an infection.
Az orvos bakteriális kolonizációt állapított meg, de fertőzést nem.
Plants began colonization of the empty soil.
A növények elkezdtek megtelepedni az üres talajon.
Common mistake:
In medicine, colonization does not always mean infection; bacteria can colonize the body without causing disease.
Meaning
Organisms establishing in habitat
Collocations
bacterial colonization
|microbial colonization
|gut colonization
|skin colonization
|nasal colonization
|fungal colonization
|colonization by pathogens
|colonization with MRSA
|prevent colonization
|colonization resistance
Synonyms
establishment (A broad scientific term for becoming successfully present in a place.)
|
growth (Focuses on increase after organisms are already present.)
|
infestation (Usually negative and often used for insects or parasites.)
Antonyms
decolonization (In medicine, the removal of colonizing microbes.)
|
eradication (Complete removal or destruction of an organism from a place.)
|
sterilization (The process of making something free of living microbes.)
Themes
biology
|medicine
|ecology
|microbiology
Definition
When bacteria, plants, or other organisms begin to live and grow somewhere.
In biology and medicine, the process by which organisms, especially bacteria, start living and reproducing on a surface, in a body, or in a habitat.
NOUN
C1
FORMAL
4
kolonizáció
C1
Usage pattern:
colonization of [domain] by [group/system/force]
Critics describe the constant tracking of users as a new form of digital colonization.
A kritikusok a felhasználók folyamatos követését a digitális gyarmatosítás új formájának tartják.
The novel explores the cultural colonization that followed military conquest.
A regény a katonai hódítást követő kulturális gyarmatosítást vizsgálja.
Some residents see luxury development as the colonization of their neighborhood by outsiders.
Learner examples
The writer criticized the cultural colonization of local traditions.
Az író bírálta a helyi hagyományok kulturális gyarmatosítását.
They wanted to stop the colonization of public space by advertising.
Meg akarták állítani, hogy a reklámok gyarmatosítsák a köztereket.
Common mistake:
This metaphor is usually critical; do not use it for ordinary popularity or harmless influence.
Meaning
Domination of a domain
Collocations
cultural colonization
|digital colonization
|economic colonization
|corporate colonization
|media colonization
|colonization of public space
|colonization of everyday life
|resist colonization
Synonyms
domination (More general and direct; does not suggest the colonial metaphor as strongly.)
|
takeover (More informal and often refers to gaining control quickly.)
|
appropriation (Emphasizes taking or using something that belongs to another group.)
Antonyms
liberation (Freedom from control or domination.)
|
autonomy (The ability to govern or act independently.)
|
decolonization (The effort to remove colonial patterns of control or thought.)
Themes
culture
|society
|politics
|media
Definition
When a powerful culture, company, or system takes over part of social life or culture.
The spread of a powerful group's influence into an area of life, culture, or activity in a way that is seen as controlling, exploitative, or displacing existing practices.
Grammar
Dictionary form
colonization
IPA
GB/kˌɑlənɪzˈeɪʃən/
US/kˌɑlənɪzˈeɪʃən/
Syllables & stress
col - on - iz - a - tion (5 syllables)
Stress on 4th syllable (a)
Word forms
Noun
- Base: colonization
- Plural: colonization, colonizations
Expressions
bacterial colonization
1/bæktˈɪɹiəl kˌɑlənɪzˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
technical
Bacteria living on host
When bacteria live and grow on or in part of the body or another surface.
Examples
- The test showed bacterial colonization but no active infection.
- Good hygiene can reduce bacterial colonization of medical devices.
- Premature babies are carefully monitored for bacterial colonization in the hospital.
Learner examples
- The patient had bacterial colonization, not an infection.
colonization resistance
1/kˌɑlənɪzˈeɪʃən ɹɪzˈɪstəns/
fixed phrase
technical
Microbiome blocking new microbes
The way healthy bacteria can help stop harmful microbes from settling in the body.
Examples
- A healthy gut microbiome provides colonization resistance against some pathogens.
- Antibiotics can weaken colonization resistance and allow harmful bacteria to grow.
- Researchers are studying how diet affects colonization resistance in the intestine.
Learner examples
- Good gut bacteria can give colonization resistance.
cultural colonization
1/kˈʌlt͡ʃɚəl kˌɑlənɪzˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
formal
Culture imposed on another
When a powerful culture pushes another culture aside or makes it seem less important.
Examples
- Some critics saw the imported school curriculum as cultural colonization.
- Local artists resisted cultural colonization by reviving traditional music.
- The essay argues that television and advertising can become tools of cultural colonization.
Learner examples
- They feared cultural colonization would weaken local traditions.
digital colonization
1/dˈɪd͡ʒɪtəl kˌɑlənɪzˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
formal
Digital power over communities
When powerful tech companies or countries gain too much control over another group's data or digital life.
Examples
- Activists warned that the new platform could lead to digital colonization of local markets.
- The article describes data extraction from poorer countries as a form of digital colonization.
- Some governments are investing in local cloud services to avoid digital colonization.
Learner examples
- They worried about digital colonization by large tech companies.
settler colonization
1/sˈɛtəlɚ kˌɑlənɪzˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
formal
Settlers displacing Indigenous peoples
Colonization in which settlers take land and build a new society where Indigenous people already live.
Examples
- Settler colonization in North America involved the seizure of Indigenous lands.
- Scholars argue that settler colonization can continue through laws, property systems, and institutions.
- The course examines how settler colonization shaped land ownership and national identity.
Learner examples
- Settler colonization harmed many Indigenous communities.
space colonization
1/spˈeɪs kˌɑlənɪzˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
Permanent settlement beyond Earth
The idea of people living permanently in space or on another planet.
Examples
- Space colonization is a common theme in science fiction.
- Space colonization raises difficult questions about law, ethics, and resource use.
- Supporters of space colonization argue that humans should build self-sustaining communities beyond Earth.
Learner examples
- Space colonization means people living beyond Earth.
- Mars is often discussed in plans for space colonization.