cumulative
gb/kjˈumjəlɪtɪv/ us/kjˈumjəlɪtɪv/
B2
English
~ 8600
halmozódó, összeadódó, összesített, kumulált, egymáshoz hozzáadódó, halmozott, kumulatív
B2
1
halmozódó
B2
összeadódó
B2
Usage pattern:
cumulative [noun]
The health risks from air pollution are cumulative, building up after years of exposure.
A légszennyezés egészségügyi kockázatai halmozódó jellegűek: évekig tartó kitettség során fokozatosan nőnek.
Even small debts can have a serious cumulative effect on your finances.
Még a kisebb adósságoknak is komoly halmozódó hatásuk lehet a pénzügyeidre.
The company reported a cumulative loss of $5 million over three years.
There is growing concern about the cumulative impact of plastic waste on the oceans.
The study looked at the cumulative amount of time children spent on screens each week.
Learner examples
Stress at work can have a cumulative effect on your body.
A munkahelyi stressznek halmozódó hatása lehet a szervezetedre.
The snow did not melt, so the depth became cumulative over several days.
A hó nem olvadt el, így a hóréteg több napon át halmozódott, és egyre vastagabb lett.
He calculated the cumulative cost of eating out every day.
The noise was not loud, but the cumulative sound from many machines was tiring.
The chart shows the cumulative number of new customers each month.
Common mistake:
Learners sometimes confuse "cumulative" with "continuous". "Continuous" means something does not stop, while "cumulative" means it gets bigger or stronger because more pieces are added over time. They also sometimes use it for a single, one‑time increase; it should describe a result of repeated additions.
Meaning
increasing by adding over time
Collocations
cumulative effect
|cumulative impact
|cumulative total
|cumulative increase
|cumulative exposure
|cumulative damage
Synonyms
growing (Emphasizes getting larger, but not specifically by repeated additions over time.)
|
additive (More technical; stresses that each new part is added on top of earlier parts.)
Antonyms
noncumulative (Used especially in technical or financial contexts where amounts do not add up over time.)
|
separate (Suggests items do not combine or build on each other.)
Themes
math
|science
|business
|core_vocabulary
Definition
Growing step by step as more things are added to what came before.
Increasing or growing in amount, degree, or force as new parts are added over time to what is already there.
B2
2
összesített
B1
kumulált
C1
Usage pattern:
cumulative [noun]
Your cumulative score for the course will be based on all tests and assignments.
A tantárgyból kapott összesített pontszámod az összes teszten és beadandó feladaton alapul majd.
The report shows the cumulative total of sales for the year to date.
A jelentés az év eleje óta elért eladások összesített értékét mutatja.
Her cumulative GPA puts her in the top 5% of the class.
We analyzed the cumulative data from five different studies.
The final exam is cumulative and will cover all the chapters we studied.
Learner examples
This website shows your cumulative steps for the week.
Ez a weboldal a heti összesített lépésszámodat mutatja.
The teacher wrote our cumulative points on the board.
A tanár felírta a táblára az összesített pontszámunkat.
My cumulative grade is higher this semester than last semester.
The app gives a cumulative total of money you saved.
The last test was cumulative, so I had to review the whole book.
Common mistake:
Learners sometimes use "cumulative" when they only mean "last" or "recent". "Cumulative" should mean that the number or result includes everything up to this time, not just one part. They also confuse it with "average"; a cumulative score is a total, not necessarily divided by the number of items.
Meaning
including all previous parts
Collocations
cumulative score
|cumulative total
|cumulative grade point average
|cumulative data
|cumulative exam
|cumulative record
Synonyms
overall (Everyday word; less precise about the idea of including every earlier stage or unit.)
|
aggregate (More formal; often used in statistics and business to mean combined into one total.)
Antonyms
partial (Describes something that covers only some parts or a limited period, not everything so far.)
|
separate (Focuses on each part on its own, rather than on the combined result of all parts.)
Themes
education
|statistics
|business
|time
|core_vocabulary
Definition
Showing the total of everything so far, not just the most recent part.
Including or based on all previous parts, amounts, or periods up to a particular point in time.
C1
TECHNICAL
3
Usage pattern:
cumulative [noun]
The judge imposed cumulative sentences for the three separate offenses.
A bíró a három különálló bűncselekményért külön-külön, egymáshoz hozzáadódó büntetéseket szabott ki.
Under the new law, cumulative penalties may apply for repeated violations.
Az új törvény alapján ismételt jogsértések esetén halmozott szankciók alkalmazhatók.
He faced a cumulative prison term of ten years for several related crimes.
Learner examples
The court gave him two cumulative sentences.
A bíróság két, egymáshoz hozzáadódó büntetést szabott ki rá.
Cumulative punishment means one penalty is added to another.
A kumulatív büntetés azt jelenti, hogy az egyik büntetés hozzáadódik a másikhoz.
In this country, some crimes can bring cumulative jail time.
The fines are cumulative if you break the rule many times.
She worried about the cumulative penalties for late tax payments.
Common mistake:
Learners may think "cumulative sentence" simply means a "long" sentence. In legal English, it specifically means a sentence that is added on top of another sentence, so the times are added together.
Meaning
added punishment or requirement
Collocations
cumulative sentence
|cumulative punishment
|cumulative penalty
|cumulative sanctions
Synonyms
additional (General word for something extra; does not clearly show the legal idea of adding on to an existing sentence.)
Antonyms
concurrent (In legal contexts, describes sentences that are served at the same time, not added one after another.)
Themes
law
|government
Definition
Used especially in law to mean that one punishment or rule is extra, on top of another one, not instead of it.
In law or official rules, describing a punishment, duty, or requirement that is added to another one instead of replacing it.
Grammar
Dictionary form
cumulative
IPA
GB/kjˈumjəlɪtɪv/
US/kjˈumjəlɪtɪv/
Syllables & stress
cu - mu - lat - ive (4 syllables)
Stress on 1st syllable (cu)
Word forms
Adjective
- Base: cumulative
Word family
Core family
Related words
accumulator
noun
Negative and opposite forms
noncumulative
adjective
Advanced or less common
accumulative
adjective
Expressions
cumulative data
1/kjˈumjəlɪtɪv dˈætə/
fixed phrase
data shown as running totals
Numbers or information that show totals up to a certain time, not just for one day or period.
Examples
- The website publishes both daily and cumulative data on new cases.
- Cumulative data from several years helped them see long-term trends.
cumulative effect
1/kjˈumjəlɪtɪv ɪfˈɛkt/
fixed phrase
total result of many small effects
The final result that comes when many small things, changes, or actions add up over time.
Examples
- The cumulative effect of years of poor sleep can be very serious.
- We are only now seeing the cumulative effect of climate change on local weather patterns.
cumulative exam
1/kjˈumjəlɪtɪv ɪɡzˈæm/
fixed phrase
exam covering all studied material
A test that includes questions from everything you have studied in the course, not only the last part.
Examples
- The final is a cumulative exam, so start reviewing from the first chapter.
- Students were nervous because the cumulative exam covered all topics from the year.
cumulative impact
1/kjˈumjəlɪtɪv ˈɪmpækt/
fixed phrase
overall impact from repeated causes
The total impact that comes from many smaller impacts happening over time.
Examples
- We must consider the cumulative impact of multiple construction projects on traffic.
- The cumulative impact of small policy changes can be greater than a single big reform.
cumulative risk
1/kjˈumjəlɪtɪv ɹˈɪsk/
fixed phrase
technical
total combined level of risk
The full level of risk when you look at all the different things that can harm you together.
Examples
- Researchers studied the cumulative risk of different air pollutants on children.
- We need to understand the cumulative risk from diet, exercise, and genetic factors.
cumulative score
1/kjˈumjəlɪtɪv skˈɔɹ/
fixed phrase
sum of scores over time
The number you get when you add all of a person's or team's scores together over a period of time.
Examples
- Their cumulative score after three rounds put them in first place.
- The app shows your cumulative score across all the quizzes you have taken.
cumulative sentence
1/kjˈumjəlɪtɪv sˈɛntəns/
fixed phrase
technical
prison terms served back-to-back
A prison sentence that is added on top of another sentence, so the person serves one and then the other.
Examples
- The court imposed a cumulative sentence of eight years for the two offenses.
- He was given cumulative sentences rather than concurrent ones.
cumulative total
1/kjˈumjəlɪtɪv tˈoʊtəl/
fixed phrase
running total including all so far
A number that shows the full amount so far, after adding every earlier amount.
Examples
- The chart displays the cumulative total of donations for the campaign.
- By June, the cumulative total of visitors to the museum had reached 100,000.