inoculation
gb/ɪnˌɑkjəlˈeɪʃən/ us/ɪnˌɑkjəlˈeɪʃən/
C1
English
védőoltás, oltás, felvértezés, immunizálás, beoltás, inokuláció, varioláció
NOUN
C1
1
Usage pattern:
[someone] receives/gets an inoculation against [disease]; inoculation of [people/animals]
The clinic offers free inoculation against the flu for older adults.
A rendelő ingyenes influenza elleni védőoltást kínál az idősek számára.
Most children receive routine inoculations before they start school.
A legtöbb gyerek még iskolakezdés előtt megkapja a szokásos védőoltásokat.
Travelers to some countries may be advised to get an inoculation before they leave.
Learner examples
I got an inoculation before my trip.
Az utazásom előtt kaptam egy védőoltást.
The baby needs routine inoculations.
A babának meg kell kapnia a szokásos védőoltásokat.
Common mistake:
In everyday English, vaccination is more common. Say inoculation against a disease, not inoculation to a disease.
Meaning
Protective vaccination
Collocations
routine inoculation
|childhood inoculation
|inoculation against the flu
|receive an inoculation
|get an inoculation
|need an inoculation
|travel inoculations
|annual inoculation
|pre-school inoculations
Synonyms
vaccination (the most common modern term for giving a vaccine)
|
immunization (emphasizes becoming protected, not just receiving the dose)
|
shot (informal, especially when the vaccine is given by injection)
Themes
medicine
|health
|public_health
|disease
Definition
a vaccine given to protect a person or animal from a disease
The act of giving a vaccine, or an instance of receiving one, to make a person or animal immune or less likely to get a disease.
NOUN
C1
FORMAL
2
felvértezés
B2
immunizálás
C1
Usage pattern:
inoculation against [idea/influence/risk]
Short videos explaining common tricks can provide inoculation against misinformation.
A gyakori trükköket bemutató rövid videók felvértezhetnek a félretájékoztatással szemben.
The campaign used early warnings as an inoculation against later attacks from opponents.
A kampány korai figyelmeztetésekkel próbálta kivédeni az ellenfelek későbbi támadásait.
Some teachers use debate as a kind of inoculation against simplistic arguments.
Learner examples
The lesson was an inoculation against fake news.
Az óra afféle felvértezés volt az álhírekkel szemben.
Good training can be an inoculation against panic.
A jó képzés védelmet jelenthet a pánik ellen.
Common mistake:
This is a metaphorical use. Do not use it for ordinary physical protection, such as a helmet or lock.
Meaning
Protection by prior exposure
Collocations
inoculation against misinformation
|psychological inoculation
|cognitive inoculation
|inoculation strategy
|inoculation message
|political inoculation
|inoculation effect
|inoculation against propaganda
Synonyms
prebunking (more specific to warning people before they see false information)
|
preparation (broader and less metaphorical)
|
immunization (a similar metaphor, often used for ideas or influence)
Antonyms
susceptibility (the condition of being easily affected or persuaded)
|
vulnerability (a lack of protection against harm or influence)
Themes
psychology
|communication
|media
|politics
|education
Definition
a way of helping people resist something harmful by warning them about it or showing them a small, safe example first
The process of making someone less vulnerable to an idea, influence, criticism, or risk by exposing them to a mild form of it or preparing them in advance.
NOUN
C2
TECHNICAL
3
beoltás
C1
inokuláció
C2
Usage pattern:
inoculation of [medium/soil/culture] with [microorganism]; inoculation into [medium]
Inoculation of the agar plates was done under sterile conditions.
Az agarlemezek beoltását steril körülmények között végezték.
The farmer used seed inoculation to add beneficial bacteria to the soybean crop.
A gazda magbeoltást alkalmazott, hogy hasznos baktériumokat juttasson a szójaállományba.
After inoculation with yeast, the mixture began to ferment.
Learner examples
The scientist completed the inoculation of the culture.
A kutató elvégezte a tenyészet beoltását.
Soil inoculation can help some plants grow.
A talaj beoltása elősegítheti egyes növények növekedését.
Common mistake:
In laboratory and agriculture contexts, inoculation usually means adding organisms on purpose, not accidental contamination.
Meaning
Introducing organisms to culture
Collocations
bacterial inoculation
|soil inoculation
|seed inoculation
|inoculation of a culture
|inoculation with yeast
|inoculation into agar
|culture inoculation
|fungal inoculation
|inoculation procedure
|inoculation loop
Synonyms
seeding (common in laboratory contexts for adding cells or microbes to a medium)
|
introduction (broader and less technical)
Antonyms
sterilization (killing or removing microorganisms instead of adding them)
|
decontamination (removing unwanted biological material)
Themes
biology
|laboratory
|microbiology
|agriculture
|science
Definition
putting bacteria, cells, or similar material into a place where they can grow or have an effect
The deliberate introduction of microorganisms, cells, or other biological material into a culture medium, soil, or organism so that they will grow, multiply, or produce a reaction.
NOUN
C2
ARCHAIC
4
varioláció
C2
Usage pattern:
smallpox inoculation; inoculation with smallpox matter
Before modern vaccination, smallpox inoculation was risky but could reduce the chance of dying from the disease.
A modern védőoltások előtt a varioláció kockázatos volt, de csökkenthette a betegség miatti halálozás esélyét.
Historians note that inoculation was practiced in parts of Asia and Africa before it spread to Europe.
A történészek megjegyzik, hogy a variolációt Ázsia és Afrika egyes részein már azelőtt alkalmazták, hogy elterjedt volna Európában.
Learner examples
Smallpox inoculation was used before modern vaccines.
A modern vakcinák előtt variolációt alkalmaztak a feketehimlő ellen.
Common mistake:
This historical meaning is not the usual modern meaning of inoculation, which normally means vaccination.
Meaning
Historical smallpox variolation
Collocations
smallpox inoculation
|early inoculation
|inoculation against smallpox
|practice of inoculation
|risk of inoculation
Synonyms
variolation (the precise historical term for smallpox inoculation)
Themes
history
|medicine
|smallpox
|public_health
Definition
an old, risky method used before modern vaccines to protect people from smallpox
The former practice of deliberately introducing material from a smallpox sore into a healthy person to cause a mild infection and later immunity; now usually called variolation.
Grammar
Dictionary form
inoculation
IPA
GB/ɪnˌɑkjəlˈeɪʃən/
US/ɪnˌɑkjəlˈeɪʃən/
Syllables & stress
in - ocu - la - tion (4 syllables)
Stress on 4th syllable (tion)
Word forms
Noun
- Base: inoculation
- Plural: inoculation, inoculations
Expressions
inoculation campaign
1/ɪnˌɑkjəlˈeɪʃən kæmpˈeɪn/
fixed phrase
Organized vaccination effort
a planned effort to vaccinate many people or animals
Examples
- Health officials launched an inoculation campaign in rural communities.
- The inoculation campaign focused first on health-care workers and older residents.
- A successful inoculation campaign requires reliable transport, staff, and public trust.
Learner examples
- The country started an inoculation campaign.
- The campaign helped protect children.
inoculation theory
1/ɪnˌɑkjəlˈeɪʃən θˈiɚi/
fixed phrase
technical
Resistance-to-persuasion theory
the idea that people can become better at resisting false or persuasive messages if they first see a weaker version of them
Examples
- Inoculation theory helps explain why early warnings can reduce the impact of misinformation.
- The researchers based their media-literacy intervention on inoculation theory.
- According to inoculation theory, a weak counterargument can prepare people for stronger persuasion later.
Learner examples
- Inoculation theory can help explain how people resist fake news.
mass inoculation
1/mˈæs ɪnˌɑkjəlˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
Large-scale vaccination
giving vaccines to many people or animals quickly
Examples
- The government began mass inoculation after the outbreak spread to several cities.
- Mass inoculation helped bring the epidemic under control.
- Veterinary teams organized mass inoculation of livestock in the affected region.
Learner examples
- Mass inoculation started on Monday.
- The city planned mass inoculation against the disease.