postscript
gb/pˈoʊstskɹˌɪpt/ us/pˈoʊstskɹˌɪpt/
B2
English
~ 8700
utóirat, kiegészítés, utólagos megjegyzés, utójáték, PostScript
NOUN
B2
1
utóirat
B2
Usage pattern:
a postscript to [a letter/message]
He added a short postscript to his letter to apologize once more.
Rövid utóiratot fűzött a leveléhez, hogy még egyszer bocsánatot kérjen.
In a handwritten postscript, she included her new phone number.
Egy kézzel írt utóiratban megadta az új telefonszámát.
The lawyer included a postscript at the end of the email reminding them to keep the message confidential.
Her postscript was longer than the main letter itself.
Please see the postscript to this message for my travel dates.
Learner examples
He wrote a postscript at the end of the letter.
Utóiratot írt a levél végére.
In the postscript, she asked one more question.
Az utóiratban még egy kérdést tett fel.
I added a postscript to my email to say thank you again.
You can put your new address in a postscript.
He forgot to say sorry, so he wrote it in a postscript.
Common mistake:
Learners sometimes confuse the full word postscript with the abbreviation P.S. In actual letters and emails, P.S. is much more common in writing, while postscript is more common when talking about it (for example, He added a postscript). Learners may also write it before the signature; in standard layout, the postscript comes after the signature line.
Meaning
note added after a letter
Collocations
add a postscript
|in a postscript
|a brief postscript
|as a postscript
|postscript to her letter
Synonyms
P.S. (The standard abbreviated form used in actual letters and emails; postscript is the full word for the same idea.)
|
afterthought (More general; can be any extra idea added later, not only in writing.)
Antonyms
main text (Refers to the body of the letter or message, which the postscript comes after.)
Themes
writing
|communication
|daily_life
|education
|core_vocabulary
Definition
A short extra note written at the end of a letter or message, after you have already finished it.
A short note written after the main text of a letter, email, or other message, usually to add something that was forgotten or to emphasize a final point.
NOUN
C1
2
Usage pattern:
as a postscript, [clause]
As a postscript to his article, the author noted that new data had just been published.
Cikkéhez fűzött kiegészítésként a szerző megjegyezte, hogy éppen új adatok jelentek meg.
The documentary ended with a short postscript explaining what happened to the main people involved.
A dokumentumfilm egy rövid kiegészítéssel zárult, amely elmagyarázta, mi történt a főbb szereplőkkel.
In his memoir, there is a moving postscript written by his daughter.
Let me add a quick postscript: the deadline has been extended by one week.
The editor suggested including a postscript to address readers questions about the changes.
Learner examples
At the end of the book, there is a short postscript.
A könyv végén van egy rövid kiegészítés.
The speaker added a postscript to say thank you to the team.
Az előadó utólagos megjegyzésként köszönetet mondott a csapatnak.
As a postscript, I want to say how proud I am of you.
The article has a postscript with new numbers.
The movie has a postscript that tells us where the actors characters are now.
Common mistake:
Learners may not realize that postscript can be used for spoken or general comments (As a postscript, I should mention...), not only for letters. They also sometimes confuse it with preface, which comes at the beginning, not at the end.
Meaning
extra final remark or section
Collocations
as a postscript
|a brief postscript
|final postscript
|historical postscript
Synonyms
afterword (A short final section in a book, especially to comment on or update the main text; very close in meaning in written works.)
|
epilogue (A final part, especially in literature or drama; usually longer and more formal than a typical postscript.)
Antonyms
introduction (This comes at the beginning of a text or talk, opposite to a postscript, which comes at the end.)
Themes
writing
|media
|academia
|communication
|education
Definition
An extra short part at the end of a book, article, talk, or conversation, used to add a last comment or piece of information.
An additional remark or short section added at the end of a book, article, speech, or discussion, often to update information or give a final comment.
NOUN
C1
LITERARY
3
utójáték
C1
Usage pattern:
a [adjective] postscript to [an event]
The sudden rise in food prices was a tragic postscript to the long civil war.
Az élelmiszerárak hirtelen emelkedése a hosszú polgárháború tragikus utójátéka volt.
His early death at fifty became a sad postscript to an otherwise successful career.
Ötvenéves korában bekövetkezett korai halála szomorú utójátéka lett egy egyébként sikeres pályafutásnak.
The scandal was an ironic postscript to years of the company promoting its ethical image.
The border clashes were a grim postscript to the peace agreement.
Her final email, sent hours before the crash, now reads like a haunting postscript to their relationship.
Learner examples
The small fight was a sad postscript to a happy wedding day.
A kisebb veszekedés szomorú utójátéka volt a boldog esküvői napnak.
The new law was a political postscript to the big protest.
Az új törvény a nagy tüntetés politikai utójátéka volt.
His illness was a tragic postscript to many years of hard work.
The fire was a grim postscript to the long hot summer.
The argument was an unhappy postscript to our holiday.
Common mistake:
Learners may take this meaning literally and think it always involves writing. In this literary use, postscript is metaphorical and refers to real-life events that happen after something else, not to text on a page.
Meaning
later event following a main event
Collocations
tragic postscript to
|sad postscript to
|ironic postscript to
|grim postscript to
Synonyms
aftermath (Focuses more on the negative results of an event; postscript suggests a later, often smaller or summarizing event.)
Antonyms
prelude (An event that happens before and leads up to another event, the opposite time relation of a postscript.)
Themes
history
|news
|life_events
|time
|core_vocabulary
Definition
A later thing that happens after a main event, and is linked to it, often as an extra or sad result.
A later event or development that follows and is related to an earlier main event, often seen as a smaller, additional outcome, sometimes negative or ironic.
NOUN
C1
TECHNICAL
4
PostScript
C2
Usage pattern:
[something] is written in PostScript
The document was sent to the imagesetter as a PostScript file.
A dokumentumot PostScript-fájlként küldték el a levilágítóba.
Most high-end laser printers still support PostScript for precise graphics and fonts.
A legtöbb csúcskategóriás lézernyomtató ma is támogatja a PostScriptet a grafikai elemek és betűtípusok pontos megjelenítéséhez.
The designer exported the layout to PostScript before generating the final PDF.
Older publishing systems relied heavily on PostScript for page layout.
The software can convert PostScript into many modern file formats.
Learner examples
This printer can read PostScript files.
Ez a nyomtató tud PostScript-fájlokat olvasni.
The program saves the page as PostScript.
A program PostScript-formátumban menti az oldalt.
Many old printers need PostScript to print pictures correctly.
He learned PostScript to work with a printing company.
The file is in PostScript format for high-quality printing.
Common mistake:
Learners may not realize that this sense is normally capitalized as PostScript and is unrelated to the everyday writing sense except for the shared idea of describing text. They might also confuse it with the abbreviation P.S. in letters, which is different.
Meaning
PostScript computer printing language
Collocations
PostScript file
|PostScript printer
|Adobe PostScript
|PostScript driver
|PostScript output
Synonyms
page-description language (A general technical term; PostScript is one specific and very well-known example.)
Antonyms
bitmap image (Stores pages as fixed dots rather than as scalable descriptions like PostScript does.)
Themes
technology
|computing
|printing
|science
Definition
A computer language, called PostScript, that tells printers how to draw text and pictures on a page.
A computer page-description language, usually written as PostScript, used to describe text and graphics for high-quality printing and display, especially on laser printers and publishing systems.
Grammar
Dictionary form
postscript
IPA
GB/pˈoʊstskɹˌɪpt/
US/pˈoʊstskɹˌɪpt/
Syllables & stress
post - script (2 syllables)
Stress on 1st syllable (post)
Word forms
Noun
- Base: postscript
- Plural: postscripts
Word family
Forms
postscripts
noun
Related words
script
noun B1
scriptwriter
noun
Negative and opposite forms
unscripted
adjective
Expressions
a brief postscript
1/ə bɹˈif pˈoʊstskɹˌɪpt/
fixed phrase
short extra note at the end
A short extra note or comment added at the end of a letter, article, or talk.
Examples
- The author adds a brief postscript to update readers on recent events.
- She wrote a brief postscript to thank him again for his help.
a sad postscript to
1/ə sˈæd pˈoʊstskɹˌɪpt tə/
fixed phrase
literary
unhappy event that follows
Used to talk about an unhappy thing that happens after another event and is connected to it.
Examples
- His sudden illness was a sad postscript to an otherwise successful tour.
- The layoffs were a sad postscript to the companys rapid growth.
a tragic postscript to
1/ə tɹˈæd͡ʒɪk pˈoʊstskɹˌɪpt tə/
fixed phrase
literary
very sad later event
Used to describe a very sad thing that happens after another event and is connected to it.
Examples
- The accident was a tragic postscript to their wedding celebrations.
- The fire became a tragic postscript to years of safety warnings being ignored.
as a postscript
1/ˈæz ə pˈoʊstskɹˌɪpt/
fixed phrase
added remark at the end
Used before a final short comment that you add after you have already finished speaking or writing.
Examples
- As a postscript, I should say that the timetable may still change.
- As a postscript to my last email, I forgot to mention that parking is free.
- As a postscript, let me thank everyone who helped organize this event.
in a postscript
1/ˈɪn ə pˈoʊstskɹˌɪpt/
fixed phrase
inside the extra note at the end
Used to say that some information or message is written in the extra note at the end of a letter or other message.
Examples
- She gave me her new address in a postscript at the bottom of the letter.
- He explained the delay in a postscript to his email.
- In a postscript, the author thanks the people who helped with the research.