rumination
gb/ɹˌumɪnˈeɪʃən/ us/ɹˌumɪnˈeɪʃən/
C1
English
rágódás, rumináció, elmélkedés, kérődzés
NOUN
C1
FORMAL
1
Usage pattern:
rumination (on/over/about) [something]
Her rumination on the argument kept her awake all night.
A veszekedésen való rágódás egész éjjel ébren tartotta.
Therapy helped him notice when rumination was starting and shift his attention.
A terápia segített neki észrevenni, amikor elkezdődik a rágódás, és másra irányítani a figyelmét.
I fell into rumination instead of taking action.
Learner examples
I get stuck in rumination when I am stressed.
Amikor stresszes vagyok, bele tudok ragadni a rágódásba.
Rumination makes my worries feel bigger.
A rágódás nagyobbnak érezteti a gondjaimat.
Common mistake:
Often uncountable when it means the process ("rumination"), but the plural "ruminations" usually means specific thoughts or writings.
Meaning
repetitive deep thinking
Collocations
endless rumination
|constant rumination
|quiet rumination
|hours of rumination
|a cycle of rumination
|rumination on the past
|rumination about mistakes
|negative rumination
|rumination and worry
|reduce rumination
Synonyms
brooding (more strongly negative and moody)
|
overthinking (more informal and often implies unnecessary analysis)
|
reflection (often more neutral or positive)
|
pondering (suggests careful, slower consideration)
Antonyms
decisiveness (moving to a decision rather than repeatedly thinking)
|
distraction (attention is pulled away from the thought)
Themes
mind
|emotions
|mental_health
|daily_life
Definition
thinking about something again and again for a long time, often in a worried way
the process of thinking about something carefully and for a long time, often in a repetitive way that is hard to stop, especially about problems or worries
NOUN
C1
FORMAL
2
elmélkedés
C1
Usage pattern:
[someone]'s ruminations (on/about) [something]
In his journal, he recorded ruminations on work, family, and faith.
A naplójában feljegyezte a munkáról, a családról és a hitről szóló elmélkedéseit.
The essay mixes travel notes with ruminations about belonging.
Az esszé útijegyzeteket vegyít az odatartozásról szóló elmélkedésekkel.
Her ruminations are often funny, but they can turn dark quickly.
Learner examples
She shared her ruminations in a blog post.
Megosztotta az elmélkedéseit egy blogbejegyzésben.
Common mistake:
This meaning is usually plural ("his ruminations"), not singular.
Meaning
a set of reflective thoughts
Collocations
his ruminations
|her ruminations
|personal ruminations
|philosophical ruminations
|ruminations on life
|ruminations about the future
|late-night ruminations
|private ruminations
|literary ruminations
|a book of ruminations
Synonyms
reflections (more common and often less heavy or repetitive)
|
musings (often lighter and more imaginative)
|
thoughts (broader and less formal)
Antonyms
facts (objective information rather than personal thinking)
|
silence (no expressed thoughts)
Themes
language
|writing
|mind
Definition
deep thoughts, especially written or spoken
a thought or set of thoughts produced by thinking deeply about something, often expressed in speech or writing and commonly used in the plural
NOUN
C1
TECHNICAL
3
kérődzés
B2
Usage pattern:
rumination in [animal/species]
Veterinarians monitored rumination in the herd to assess health.
Az állatorvosok az állomány kérődzését figyelték az egészségi állapot felméréséhez.
Stress can reduce rumination in cattle and affect digestion.
A stressz csökkentheti a szarvasmarhák kérődzését, és befolyásolhatja az emésztést.
The cow lay down and resumed rumination.
Learner examples
Cows use rumination to digest grass.
A tehenek kérődzéssel emésztik meg a füvet.
Common mistake:
Don’t confuse this animal meaning with the common mental meaning (thinking repeatedly).
Meaning
cud-chewing in ruminant animals
Collocations
rumination in cattle
|rumination in sheep
|the rumination process
|stimulate rumination
|rumination time
|normal rumination
|reduced rumination
|rumination behavior
|measure rumination
|patterns of rumination
Synonyms
cud-chewing (more everyday and descriptive)
|
regurgitation and rechewing (more explicit and explanatory)
Antonyms
swallowing (taking food down rather than bringing it back up to chew again)
Themes
animals
|biology
|food
Definition
when an animal brings food back up and chews it again
the process in some animals, such as cows and sheep, of bringing partially digested food back up from the stomach to chew it again
Grammar
Dictionary form
rumination
IPA
GB/ɹˌumɪnˈeɪʃən/
US/ɹˌumɪnˈeɪʃən/
Syllables & stress
ru - min - a - tion (4 syllables)
Stress on 3rd syllable (a)
Word forms
Noun
- Base: rumination
- Plural: rumination, ruminations
Expressions
after much rumination
1/ˈæftɚ mˈʌt͡ʃ ɹˌumɪnˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
formal
after thinking for a long time
after thinking about it for a long time
Examples
- After much rumination, she accepted the job offer.
- After much rumination, we decided to move closer to family.
- After much rumination, he apologized and asked to start over.
Learner examples
- After much rumination, I chose option B.
rumination syndrome
1/ɹˌumɪnˈeɪʃən sˈɪndɹˌoʊm/
fixed phrase
technical
medical regurgitation disorder
a health problem where food comes back up after eating
Examples
- The specialist evaluated her symptoms for possible rumination syndrome.
- Rumination syndrome is sometimes mistaken for acid reflux.
- Treatment for rumination syndrome often focuses on behavioral techniques after meals.