English

citizenship

gb/sˈɪtɪzənʃˌɪp/ us/sˈɪtɪzənʃˌɪp/
B2 English
~ 8600
Senses
0 senses
Noun B2 state
1

legal status of being a citizen

The legal position of being a member of a country, with special rights and duties in that country.

Usage pattern: citizenship of [a country]
Common mistake:
Learners often confuse "citizenship" with "residence" or "visa". "Citizenship" is a long‑term legal status with full rights, while a visa or residence permit usually allows you to stay or work but does not make you a citizen. Another common confusion is between "citizenship" and "nationality"; in many contexts they overlap, but "nationality" can also refer to cultural or ethnic identity, not only legal status.
Synonyms
nationality (Often used in a similar way, but can refer more broadly to legal or ethnic connection to a nation, not only formal legal status.) | legal status (More general; can refer to many legal positions, not only citizenship of a country.)
Antonyms
statelessness (Describes the condition of not being recognized as a citizen by any country.)
Collocations
apply for citizenship |obtain citizenship |grant citizenship |dual citizenship |citizenship status |path to citizenship
Themes
law |politics |society
Examples
  • After living there for ten years, she finally received British citizenship.
  • The new law will make it harder for immigrants to gain citizenship.
  • He has both Canadian and Italian citizenship through his parents.
  • The government revoked his citizenship after the court ruling.
  • Questions about your citizenship must be answered truthfully on the form.
Learner examples
  • My parents moved here, but I got citizenship when I was born.
  • She is studying for the test to get citizenship.
  • He has citizenship of two countries.
  • They applied for citizenship last year.
  • The form asks about your country of citizenship.
Noun B2 property
2

responsible behavior as a citizen

The way a person should act as a good member of a country or community, by following rules and helping other people.

Usage pattern: [adjective] citizenship
Common mistake:
Learners sometimes think this meaning always refers to legal status, but here "citizenship" is about behavior and attitudes, not legal documents. It is similar to talking about "good behavior" or "good character" in public life. Do not say *"I have a good citizenship"* about legal papers; instead say "I have citizenship" (legal) or "I show good citizenship" (behavior).
Synonyms
civic responsibility (Focuses more directly on duties and obligations, while "citizenship" can include broader attitudes and identity.) | civic engagement (Highlights active participation in public life, such as voting or volunteering, which is one part of good citizenship.)
Antonyms
irresponsibility (Describes a lack of care for duties, the opposite of responsible citizenship.)
Collocations
good citizenship |active citizenship |responsible citizenship |model of citizenship |teach citizenship |promote citizenship
Themes
society |education |ethics |core_vocabulary |relationships |law
Examples
  • The school encourages students to show good citizenship by volunteering in the community.
  • Voting is often described as an important part of active citizenship.
  • Her quiet daily work to keep the neighborhood clean is a real example of citizenship.
  • The program aims to build a sense of citizenship among young people.
  • They gave him an award for outstanding citizenship after the flood.
Learner examples
  • Good citizenship includes helping your neighbors.
  • Recycling is a simple act of citizenship.
  • The teacher talks about citizenship in class.
  • Voting is part of good citizenship.
  • He showed good citizenship by returning the lost wallet.
Noun C1 entity
3

school subject about civic life

A class in school where students learn about rights, laws, and how people should act in society and in politics.

Usage pattern: citizenship class / citizenship education
Common mistake:
Learners may confuse this with language classes for immigrants who want legal citizenship. In this school‑subject sense, "citizenship" is usually taught to children or teenagers and is similar to "social studies" or "civics", not a class to apply for a passport.
Synonyms
civics (Especially in American English, refers to the same kind of school subject about government and society.)
Collocations
citizenship education |citizenship class |citizenship course |citizenship curriculum |citizenship teacher |citizenship lessons
Themes
education |politics |society
Examples
  • In many schools, citizenship is now a compulsory subject.
  • The citizenship curriculum covers human rights, democracy, and the justice system.
  • She teaches citizenship to 14‑year‑olds three times a week.
  • Citizenship classes help students understand how elections work.
  • The government is investing more money in citizenship education.
Learner examples
  • We have citizenship on Friday mornings.
  • In citizenship class, we talk about human rights.
  • Our school started a new citizenship course this year.
  • The citizenship teacher explained how laws are made.
  • Citizenship lessons help students learn about voting.
Grammar
Dictionary form
citizenship
IPA
GB/sˈɪtɪzənʃˌɪp/
US/sˈɪtɪzənʃˌɪp/
Syllables & stress
cit - izen - ship (3 syllables)
Stress on 1st syllable (cit)
Word forms
Noun
  • Base: citizenship
  • Plural: citizenship
Word family
Core family
citizen noun A2
Related words
civic adjective B2 civil adjective B1 civilian noun/adjective B1
Negative and opposite forms
noncitizen noun/adjective
Advanced or less common
citizenry noun civics noun
Expressions

acquire citizenship

1
/əkwˈaɪɚ sˈɪtɪzənʃˌɪp/
fixed phrase

come to have citizenship

To get citizenship, often through birth, marriage, or naturalization.

Examples
  • Children born abroad can sometimes acquire citizenship through their parents.
  • He acquired citizenship by marrying a local citizen.

apply for citizenship

1
/əplˈaɪ fɚ sˈɪtɪzənʃˌɪp/
fixed phrase

formally request citizenship

To send forms and documents to a government because you want to become a citizen of that country.

Examples
  • She plans to apply for citizenship as soon as she becomes eligible.
  • Many residents apply for citizenship after living there for several years.

birthright citizenship

1
/bˈɚθɹˌaɪt sˈɪtɪzənʃˌɪp/
fixed phrase

citizenship given by birthplace

A system where a baby automatically becomes a citizen of a country if they are born there.

Examples
  • The debate over birthright citizenship has become very political.
  • In that country, birthright citizenship applies to almost everyone born on its soil.

citizenship application

1
/sˈɪtɪzənʃˌɪp ˌæplɪkˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase

official request for citizenship

The set of forms and documents that a person sends to the government to ask to become a citizen.

Examples
  • Her citizenship application was approved in just six months.
  • They filled out the citizenship application together at the legal clinic.

citizenship ceremony

1
/sˈɪtɪzənʃˌɪp sˈɛɹɪmˌoʊni/
fixed phrase

official event for new citizens

A special event where people officially become citizens, often by saying an oath and getting a paper.

Examples
  • Friends and family joined him at the citizenship ceremony.
  • During the citizenship ceremony, they welcomed people from over fifty countries.

citizenship status

1
/sˈɪtɪzənʃˌɪp stˈætəs/
fixed phrase

someone’s current citizenship position

Information about whether a person is a citizen, and if so, of which country or countries.

Examples
  • You must declare your citizenship status on the form.
  • Her citizenship status is still being reviewed by the authorities.

citizenship test

1
/sˈɪtɪzənʃˌɪp tˈɛst/
fixed phrase

exam for new citizens

A test about language and facts (for example, about history or law) that people must pass to become citizens.

Examples
  • She is studying for the citizenship test next month.
  • The citizenship test includes questions about the country’s political system.

full citizenship

1
/fˈʊl sˈɪtɪzənʃˌɪp/
fixed phrase

citizenship with complete rights

Citizenship with all normal rights, such as voting and working freely, and all duties.

Examples
  • Permanent residents do not have full citizenship.
  • After the reform, they were finally granted full citizenship.

gain citizenship

1
/ɡˈeɪn sˈɪtɪzənʃˌɪp/
fixed phrase

successfully obtain citizenship

To become a citizen of a country, usually after following a legal process.

Examples
  • He gained citizenship after ten years of living there.
  • Thousands of immigrants gained citizenship through the new program.

good citizenship

1
/ɡˈʊd sˈɪtɪzənʃˌɪp/
fixed phrase

responsible and helpful civic behavior

The way a person acts when they try to be a helpful and responsible member of their community or country.

Examples
  • The school rewards students for good citizenship.
  • Volunteering at the shelter is an example of good citizenship.

grant citizenship

1
/ɡɹˈænt sˈɪtɪzənʃˌɪp/
fixed phrase

officially give citizenship

When a government officially says that someone is now a citizen of that country.

Examples
  • The state decided to grant citizenship to all refugees who arrived before 2010.
  • Only the federal government can grant citizenship in that country.

path to citizenship

1
/pˈæθ tə sˈɪtɪzənʃˌɪp/
fixed phrase

process to become a citizen

The legal way or plan that lets people become citizens of a country in the future.

Examples
  • The proposal offers a clear path to citizenship for undocumented migrants.
  • Many activists are calling for a faster path to citizenship.

strip someone of their citizenship

1
/stɹˈɪp sˈʌmwˌʌn əv ðˈɛɹ sˈɪtɪzənʃˌɪp/
fixed phrase

officially take away citizenship

To take away a person’s citizenship by an official decision of the government.

Examples
  • The government threatened to strip him of his citizenship.
  • Under the new law, they can strip people of their citizenship for serious crimes.

dual citizenship

1
/dˈul sˈɪtɪzənʃˌɪp/
fixed phrase

Being citizen of two countries

When someone is a citizen of two countries at the same time.

Examples
  • He has dual citizenship in the US and Italy.
  • Because her parents are from different countries, she has dual citizenship.
  • Dual citizenship can make travel easier.
  • The new law makes it easier to keep dual citizenship.

renounce citizenship

1
/ɹɪnˈaʊns sˈɪtɪzənʃˌɪp/
fixed phrase formal

formally give up citizenship

To officially say you are no longer a citizen of a country.

Examples
  • He chose to renounce citizenship in his home country after moving abroad permanently.
  • Applicants must renounce citizenship of any other state before taking the oath.

renounce citizenship

2
/ɹɪnˈaʊns sˈɪtɪzənʃˌɪp/
fixed phrase

formally give up citizenship

To officially say that you do not want to be a citizen of a country anymore.

Examples
  • He chose to renounce his citizenship for tax reasons.
  • People must visit the embassy if they want to renounce citizenship.

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