English

who

gb/hˈu/ us/hˈu/
A1 English
~ 100
Senses
0 senses
pronoun A1 relation
1

person being referred to

Used to talk about the person someone means or is asking about.

Usage pattern: who [verb/clause]
Common mistake:
Learners sometimes confuse 'who' and 'whom'. 'Who' is used for subjects, while 'whom' is used for objects.
Synonyms
whom (More formal and used as the object of a verb or preposition.)
Collocations
who is |who are you |know who
Themes
communication |grammar |daily life |core_vocabulary
Examples
  • Who is coming to the meeting?
  • I don't know who called me.
  • She’s the one who helped me with my homework.
Learner examples
  • Who is your teacher?
  • I don’t know who is at the door.
  • He is the man who lives next door.
pronoun A2 relation
2

person doing an action

Used to talk about a person that does something in a sentence.

Usage pattern: [noun] who [verb/clause]
Common mistake:
Learners sometimes omit 'who' in relative clauses, making sentences incomplete.
Synonyms
that (Can also introduce defining clauses, but less personal when referring to people.)
Collocations
the one who |people who |those who
Themes
communication |grammar |core_vocabulary
Examples
  • The woman who lives next door is a doctor.
  • Students who study hard usually do well.
  • He’s someone who really cares about his friends.
Learner examples
  • The boy who plays football is my friend.
  • I know a man who can help you.
  • People who eat too much sugar can get sick.
Grammar
Dictionary form
who
IPA
GB/hˈu/
US/hˈu/
Syllables & stress
who (1 syllable)
Stress on 1st syllable (who)
Word forms
Noun
  • Base: who
  • Plural: whos
Word family
Forms
whos noun
Core family
whose pronoun A2
Related words
whoever pronoun B1
Advanced or less common
whom pronoun B2
Expressions

guess who

1
/ɡˈɛs hˈu/
fixed phrase informal

identify person by guessing

Said when you want someone to guess which person you are talking about, often for fun or surprise.

Examples
  • Guess who I saw at the mall today?
  • Guess who’s coming to dinner tonight!

who knows

1
/hˈu nˈoʊz/
fixed phrase informal

express uncertainty

Used to say that no one can be sure about something.

Examples
  • Who knows what will happen tomorrow?
  • Maybe she will come back, but who knows?

who's who

1
/hˈuz hˈu/
fixed phrase

list of notable people

A list or description of important people in a group or area.

Examples
  • The guide gives you an idea of who's who in the company.
  • He quickly learned who's who in the art world.

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