penetration
gb/pˌɛnətɹˈeɪʃən/ us/pˌɛnətɹˈeɪʃən/
B2
Αγγλικά
~ 9200
behatolás, áthatolás, szexuális behatolás, penetráció, piaci penetráció, elterjedtség, rendszerbehatolás, hálózati behatolás, behatolási mélység, behatolás mértéke, éleslátás, éleslátó, lényeglátó, mélyreható megértés, áthatolóképesség, átható erő
ΟΥΣΙΑΣΤΙΚΌ
B2
1
Μοτίβο χρήσης:
the penetration of [something] into/through [something]
The bullet showed almost no penetration of the armored glass.
A lövedék szinte egyáltalán nem hatolt át a páncélozott üvegen.
Better insulation can reduce the penetration of cold air into the house.
A jobb szigetelés csökkentheti a hideg levegő bejutását a házba.
The report measured the penetration of sunlight into the deep ocean.
Engineers tested the penetration of radio signals through concrete walls.
Troops attempted rapid penetration of the border defenses at dawn.
Παραδείγματα για μαθητές
The knife made a small penetration in the wood.
A kés kissé behatolt a fába.
Rain caused water penetration through the old roof.
Az eső miatt víz szivárgott át a régi tetőn.
We studied the penetration of light in water in science class.
The thick door stopped any penetration of sound.
There was no penetration of the ball into the goal line.
Συχνό λάθος:
Learners sometimes use "penetration" when they mean "entrance" or "doorway" (e.g., *"Go to the penetration of the building"*). "Penetration" is about the action or process of going into or through something, not the physical opening itself.
Σημασία
act of entering or passing through
Συνδυασμοί λέξεων
deep penetration
|limited penetration
|full penetration
|armor penetration
|water penetration
|penetration into enemy territory
Συνώνυμα
entry (More general; does not always suggest going through a barrier or resistance.)
|
intrusion (Adds a sense of being unwanted or forced, often with a negative tone.)
Αντώνυμα
resistance (Refers to the opposing force that stops or reduces penetration.)
|
impermeability (Describes something that cannot be penetrated at all.)
Θέματα
physics
|military
|technology
|environment
|core_vocabulary
|science
Ορισμός
The action of going into or through something, like a wall, the ground, or the air.
The act or process of entering into or passing through a surface, material, or barrier.
ΟΥΣΙΑΣΤΙΚΌ
C1
VULGAR
2
Μοτίβο χρήσης:
sexual penetration of [someone/something]
The law defines rape as sexual penetration without consent.
A törvény a beleegyezés nélküli szexuális behatolást nemi erőszakként határozza meg.
Condoms should be used from the moment of penetration to reduce the risk of infection.
A fertőzés kockázatának csökkentése érdekében az óvszert a behatolás pillanatától kell használni.
Some methods of contraception are designed to be effective even before penetration occurs.
The doctor explained that pain during penetration can have several medical causes.
Consent must be clear and ongoing for any form of sexual penetration.
Παραδείγματα για μαθητές
The booklet talked about safe sexual penetration.
A füzet a biztonságos, behatolással járó szexről is szólt.
They learned that penetration without consent is a serious crime.
Megtanulták, hogy a beleegyezés nélküli behatolás súlyos bűncselekmény.
Some people feel pain during penetration and should see a doctor.
Condoms are used to make sexual penetration safer.
The law uses the word penetration in its definition of rape.
Συχνό λάθος:
Learners may use "penetration" when a more general or polite term like "sex" or "sexual intercourse" is better in everyday conversation. "Penetration" is often legal, medical, or explicit and can sound too graphic in casual speech.
Σημασία
sexual insertion into the body
Συνδυασμοί λέξεων
sexual penetration
|penetration without consent
|vaginal penetration
|anal penetration
|penetration during intercourse
Συνώνυμα
insertion (More clinical and neutral; can be sexual or medical, not only sexual.)
|
intercourse (Refers to the whole sexual act; not limited only to the moment of penetration.)
Αντώνυμα
abstinence (Describes choosing not to engage in sexual acts, including penetration.)
Θέματα
sexuality
|health
|body
|relationships
Ορισμός
The act of putting a sexual body part or object inside another person’s body during sex.
Sexual insertion of a penis or other object into a body opening, such as the vagina or anus.
ΟΥΣΙΑΣΤΙΚΌ
C1
TECHNICAL
3
elterjedtség
B2
Μοτίβο χρήσης:
[company]'s penetration in [a market/region/segment]
Smartphone penetration now exceeds 90 percent in many countries.
Az okostelefonok elterjedtsége ma már sok országban meghaladja a 90 százalékot.
The company aims to double its penetration in the European market within five years.
A vállalat öt éven belül meg akarja duplázni piaci penetrációját az európai piacon.
Streaming services have reached high penetration among younger consumers.
Low internet penetration remains a major barrier to online education in rural areas.
They used discounts to quickly increase penetration in the student segment.
Παραδείγματα για μαθητές
Mobile phone penetration is very high in this city.
A mobiltelefonok elterjedtsége nagyon magas ebben a városban.
The bank wants more penetration in the local market.
A bank növelni szeretné piaci penetrációját a helyi piacon.
Internet penetration is still low in some villages.
They study market penetration before they launch a new product.
Good marketing can help increase product penetration.
Συχνό λάθος:
Learners may confuse "market penetration" with "market entry." "Market entry" is about starting to sell in a market for the first time, while "market penetration" is about how widely used the product is within that market.
Σημασία
extent a product is used
Συνδυασμοί λέξεων
market penetration
|high penetration
|low penetration
|penetration rate
|smartphone penetration
|expand penetration
Συνώνυμα
reach (Common in marketing; slightly broader, can also refer to how many people see an ad, not only users.)
|
adoption (Focuses on people choosing to start using something, not on the percentage itself.)
Αντώνυμα
nonuse (Refers to people not using a product despite being potential customers.)
|
withdrawal (When a product is taken out of a market, removing its penetration completely.)
Θέματα
business
|economics
|marketing
|finance
Ορισμός
How many people in a group are using or buying a product or service, compared with how many could use it.
The extent to which a product, service, or brand is being used or purchased by its potential customers in a particular market.
ΟΥΣΙΑΣΤΙΚΌ
C1
TECHNICAL
4
Μοτίβο χρήσης:
penetration of [a system/network] by [someone]
The security team carried out a penetration test on the company’s servers.
A biztonsági csapat penetrációs tesztet végzett a cég szerverein.
No successful penetration of the network was detected during the attack.
A támadás során nem észleltek sikeres hálózati behatolást.
Penetration testing helps organizations find weaknesses before hackers do.
They hired an external firm to attempt penetration of their cloud infrastructure.
Strict access controls reduced the risk of unauthorized penetration.
Παραδείγματα για μαθητές
The company did a penetration test on its computers.
A cég penetrációs tesztet végzett a számítógépein.
Good passwords can help stop network penetration.
A jó jelszavak segíthetnek megakadályozni a hálózati behatolást.
They work in security and try to prevent system penetration.
The hacker tried penetration of the bank’s website.
Penetration testing is an important job in IT security.
Συχνό λάθος:
Learners may think "penetration" alone always sounds illegal. In IT, "penetration testing" is usually legal and done with permission to find problems.
Σημασία
unauthorized or test access to systems
Συνδυασμοί λέξεων
penetration testing
|penetration test
|network penetration
|system penetration
|attempted penetration
|unauthorized penetration
Συνώνυμα
breach (Common in security; often suggests a serious or harmful break in protection.)
|
intrusion (Highlights the unwanted, illegal, or secret nature of the access.)
Αντώνυμα
protection (Refers to security measures that prevent penetration of systems.)
|
hardening (Technical term for making a system more resistant to penetration.)
Θέματα
technology
|security
|business
|science
Ορισμός
Getting into a computer system or network, usually to test how easy it is to break in.
The act of successfully gaining access to a computer system or network, especially to test or demonstrate its security weaknesses.
ΟΥΣΙΑΣΤΙΚΌ
B2
TECHNICAL
5
Μοτίβο χρήσης:
the penetration of [something] to/into [a depth/level]
The study measured the penetration of tree roots into the soil.
A vizsgálat megmérte, milyen mélyre hatoltak a fák gyökerei a talajba.
X-ray penetration was insufficient to see the deepest layers of the rock.
A röntgensugarak behatolási mélysége nem volt elegendő ahhoz, hogy a kőzet legmélyebb rétegei is láthatók legyenek.
Heat penetration was greatest near the metal surface.
Snow penetration made walking extremely difficult for the hikers.
The coating reduces water penetration to a depth of only a few millimeters.
Παραδείγματα για μαθητές
The depth of penetration was five centimeters.
A behatolási mélység öt centiméter volt.
They checked the penetration of water in the wall.
Megvizsgálták, mennyire hatolt be a víz a falba.
Heat penetration was not very deep.
Soil tests showed poor root penetration.
We measured light penetration in the water.
Συχνό λάθος:
Learners may repeat "depth" and "penetration" together in an unnatural way like *"the deep depth of penetration"*. Usually, "depth of penetration" is enough without another word like "deep".
Σημασία
depth or extent of entry
Συνδυασμοί λέξεων
depth of penetration
|moderate penetration
|limited penetration
|snow penetration
|heat penetration
|soil penetration
Συνώνυμα
depth (More general; does not always imply movement into something.)
|
reach (Emphasizes how far something extends, not necessarily in a straight line or into a solid material.)
Αντώνυμα
surface level (Implies that something does not go below the outside layer.)
Θέματα
science
|engineering
|environment
|core_vocabulary
Ορισμός
How deep or how far something goes into or through something else.
The depth or measurable extent to which something has entered into or passed through a material or space.
ΟΥΣΙΑΣΤΙΚΌ
C1
FORMAL
6
Μοτίβο χρήσης:
[someone]'s penetration into [a subject/problem]
Her book shows real penetration into the causes of social inequality.
Könyve valódi éleslátással tárja fel a társadalmi egyenlőtlenség okait.
The critic praised the film for its psychological penetration.
A kritikus a filmet pszichológiai éleslátásáért dicsérte.
Despite its length, the report lacks penetration and clear insight.
He spoke with unusual penetration about the country’s political crisis.
The essay combines stylistic elegance with intellectual penetration.
Παραδείγματα για μαθητές
The writer shows great penetration into human feelings.
Az író nagy éleslátással mutatja be az emberi érzéseket.
His comments on the film had real penetration.
A filmről tett megjegyzései valódi éleslátásról tanúskodtak.
The study has detail but little penetration.
She answered the question with surprising penetration for her age.
The teacher liked the penetration in his essay.
Συχνό λάθος:
Learners may overuse this formal sense and create unnatural phrases like *"I have penetration in English"*. In everyday speech, "I understand English well" or "I have a deep understanding of English" is more natural.
Σημασία
deep mental understanding
Συνδυασμοί λέξεων
intellectual penetration
|remarkable penetration
|great penetration
|penetration into the problem
|critical penetration
|penetration of the author’s analysis
Συνώνυμα
insight (More common; often sounds warmer and more personal than "penetration.")
|
acuity (Formal; suggests sharpness of mind or senses.)
Αντώνυμα
superficiality (Describes only shallow understanding or analysis.)
|
confusion (Lack of clear or accurate understanding.)
Θέματα
thinking
|communication
|academia
|core_vocabulary
|education
Ορισμός
The ability to understand ideas or problems very clearly and deeply.
The quality of understanding, analyzing, or perceiving something in a deep, clear, and accurate way.
ΟΥΣΙΑΣΤΙΚΌ
C2
FORMAL
7
átható erő
C1
Μοτίβο χρήσης:
the penetration of [a sound/light/smell] through [something]
The penetration of her voice cut through the noise of the crowd.
Hangjának átható ereje átvágott a tömeg zaján.
Fog reduces the penetration of car headlights.
A köd csökkenti az autó fényszóróinak áthatolóképességét.
The penetration of the chemical smell made it hard to stay in the room.
Due to poor penetration, the alarm could not be heard outside the building.
Designers adjusted the speakers to improve the penetration of high frequencies.
Παραδείγματα για μαθητές
The penetration of his voice filled the room.
Hangjának átható ereje betöltötte a szobát.
Thick curtains reduced the penetration of light.
A vastag függönyök csökkentették a fény áthatolóképességét.
The strong smell had great penetration in the small house.
The teacher wanted more penetration in the singer’s high notes.
The fog was heavy and cut the penetration of the lights.
Συχνό λάθος:
Learners rarely use this sense and may instead say "strong" or "loud" when "penetration" would be more precise, especially in formal descriptions of sound or light.
Σημασία
ability of sound/light/smell to carry
Συνδυασμοί λέξεων
the penetration of her voice
|the penetration of the smell
|the penetration of the light
|lacking penetration
|strong penetration
Συνώνυμα
carry (In phrases like "the sound carries"; more informal and focused on distance.)
|
intensity (Refers to strength, but not specifically to going through obstacles.)
Αντώνυμα
muffledness (Describes sound that is blocked or unclear instead of penetrating.)
|
dimness (Describes weak light that does not penetrate well.)
Θέματα
senses
|music
|environment
|science
|core_vocabulary
Ορισμός
How well a sound, light, or smell can go through space or things and still be clear.
The quality of being able to be clearly heard, seen, or smelled over distance or through interfering objects.
Γραμματική
Λημματική μορφή
penetration
IPA
GB/pˌɛnətɹˈeɪʃən/
US/pˌɛnətɹˈeɪʃən/
Συλλαβές και τόνος
pen - et - ra - tion (4 συλλαβές)
Stress on 3rd syllable (ra)
Τύποι λέξης
Noun
- Base: penetration
- Plural: penetration, penetrations
Οικογένεια λέξεων
Forms
penetrations
noun
Core family
penetrate
verb B2
penetrating
adjective
Related words
penetrable
adjective
Negative and opposite forms
impenetrable
adjective C1
Advanced or less common
penetrative
adjective
Εκφράσεις
armor penetration
1/ˈɑɹmɚ pˌɛnətɹˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
technical
weapon’s ability to pierce armor
How well a bullet, shell, or other weapon can go through armor or strong protective material.
Παραδείγματα
- The new ammunition offers much better armor penetration.
- In the game, you need a weapon with higher armor penetration to defeat tanks.
- They tested the armor penetration of different types of bullets.
internet penetration
1/ˈɪntɚnˌɛt pˌɛnətɹˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
technical
how many people use internet
How many people in a country or area use the internet, compared with the total number of people there.
Παραδείγματα
- Internet penetration has risen sharply in rural areas.
- Low internet penetration is a major challenge for online learning.
- The report compares internet penetration across different regions.
market penetration
1/mˈɑɹkɪt pˌɛnətɹˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
technical
how widely a product is used
How many people in a group are using or buying a product, compared with all the people who could use or buy it.
Παραδείγματα
- Market penetration for electric cars is still relatively low in this region.
- The company focused on increasing market penetration before raising prices.
- They track market penetration to see how successful the new app is.
mobile phone penetration
1/mˈoʊbəl fˈoʊn pˌɛnətɹˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
technical
how many people use mobiles
How many people in a country or area have or use a mobile phone, compared with the total number of people there.
Παραδείγματα
- Mobile phone penetration is now over 100 percent in some markets, meaning many people have more than one phone.
- High mobile phone penetration has changed how people access the internet.
- The government tracks mobile phone penetration to plan digital services.
penetration pricing
1/pˌɛnətɹˈeɪʃən pɹˈaɪsɪŋ/
fixed phrase
technical
low prices to gain customers
A business plan where a company sets a very low price at first to get many customers quickly.
Παραδείγματα
- The startup used penetration pricing to enter the crowded market.
- Penetration pricing can build market share but reduce short-term profit.
- They abandoned penetration pricing once they reached their target customer base.
penetration test
1/pˌɛnətɹˈeɪʃən tˈɛst/
fixed phrase
technical
a single security attack test
One security check where experts try to enter a computer system like a hacker would.
Παραδείγματα
- The penetration test showed that the password system was weak.
- They run at least one penetration test every year.
- After the penetration test, the company updated its firewalls.
penetration testing
1/pˌɛnətɹˈeɪʃən tˈɛstɪŋ/
fixed phrase
technical
security test by simulated attack
Checking how safe a computer system is by trying to hack it in a legal and controlled way.
Παραδείγματα
- Regular penetration testing is essential for any online bank.
- They hired an external firm to perform penetration testing on their servers.
- Penetration testing revealed several serious security holes.
sexual penetration
1/sˈɛkʃuəl pˌɛnətɹˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
vulgar
sexual act of insertion
Putting a sexual body part or object inside another person’s body during sex.
Παραδείγματα
- The legal definition of rape includes any non-consensual sexual penetration.
- Condoms should be used from the start of sexual penetration.
- Some people experience pain during sexual penetration and need medical advice.