abstain
gb/æbstˈeɪn/ us/æbstˈeɪn/
B2
Angielski
~ 9800
tartózkodik
CZASOWNIK
B2
FORMAL
1
tartózkodik
C1
Schemat użycia:
to abstain from [noun/gerund]
He decided to abstain from alcohol for the entire year.
Úgy döntött, hogy az egész évben tartózkodni fog az alkoholtól.
Doctors advised her to abstain from smoking after the surgery.
Az orvosok azt tanácsolták neki, hogy a műtét után tartózkodjon a dohányzástól.
Many followers abstain from meat on certain religious holidays.
She chose to abstain from sex until after marriage for personal reasons.
During the detox program, participants must abstain from caffeine and sugar.
Przykłady dla uczących się
I am trying to abstain from sugar this month.
Ebben a hónapban próbálok tartózkodni a cukortól.
He abstained from alcohol while he was taking the medicine.
Amíg szedte a gyógyszert, tartózkodott az alkoholtól.
Many people abstain from meat on this special day.
She decided to abstain from smoking to improve her health.
They abstain from sex for religious reasons.
Częsty błąd:
Learners often say *"abstain to do something"* instead of the correct *"abstain from doing something"*. The verb *abstain* almost always takes the preposition *from* followed by a noun or a verb in -ing form (e.g., *abstain from alcohol*, *abstain from drinking*). Learners may also confuse *abstain* with *avoid*: *avoid* is more general and common, while *abstain* sounds more formal and is often used for moral, religious, or health choices.
Znaczenie
deliberately not do or use something
Kolokacje
abstain from alcohol
|abstain from sex
|abstain from smoking
|abstain from meat
|abstain completely
|abstain during Lent
Synonimy
refrain (Very close in meaning; slightly less formal and used more generally for holding back from an action.)
|
forgo (Emphasizes giving something up or doing without it, not always for moral reasons.)
Antonimy
indulge (Means to allow yourself to do or have something enjoyable, often the very thing someone else is abstaining from.)
Tematy
health
|lifestyle
|ethics
|religion
|core_vocabulary
Definicja
To choose not to do or use something, usually because you think it is bad for you or wrong.
To deliberately not do, consume, or take part in something, especially something enjoyable or potentially harmful, often for health, moral, or religious reasons.
C1
FORMAL
2
tartózkodik
C1
Schemat użycia:
to abstain (from voting/on [issue])
Three council members chose to abstain from voting on the budget proposal.
Három tanácstag úgy döntött, hogy tartózkodik a költségvetési javaslat szavazásán.
The senator announced that she would abstain on the controversial bill.
A szenátor bejelentette, hogy tartózkodni fog a vitatott törvényjavaslat szavazásán.
Ten delegates voted in favor, four against, and two abstained.
Because he had a conflict of interest, he decided to abstain from the vote.
Several board members abstained, saying they needed more information.
Przykłady dla uczących się
Two people voted yes, one voted no, and one abstained.
Ketten igennel szavaztak, egy ember nemmel, egy pedig tartózkodott.
She decided to abstain from voting on the new rule.
Úgy döntött, hogy tartózkodik az új szabályról szóló szavazáson.
Some members abstained because they did not know enough about the issue.
He abstained in the vote due to a conflict of interest.
Many countries chose to abstain on the final resolution.
Częsty błąd:
Learners sometimes confuse this voting sense with the general sense of not doing something. In political or formal meeting contexts, *abstain* almost always means *not vote*, usually with phrases like *abstain from voting*, *abstain in the vote*, or *abstain on the motion*. Also, avoid saying *"abstain the vote"*; the correct patterns are *abstain from the vote* or *abstain in the vote*.
Znaczenie
formally choose not to vote
Kolokacje
abstain from voting
|abstain on the motion
|abstain in the vote
|members abstained
|choose to abstain
Synonimy
withhold one’s vote (A descriptive phrase that clearly expresses the idea of not using your vote in a particular decision.)
Antonimy
vote (Means to actively choose for or against something, the opposite of abstaining in a vote.)
Tematy
politics
|law
|government
|core_vocabulary
Definicja
To choose not to vote when other people are voting on something.
To formally choose not to vote for or against a proposal, candidate, or decision when participating in an official vote.
Gramatyka
Forma słownikowa
abstain
IPA
GB/æbstˈeɪn/
US/æbstˈeɪn/
Sylaby i akcent
ab - stain (2 sylaby)
Stress on 2nd syllable (stain)
Formy wyrazu
Verb
- Base: abstain
- 3rd Person Singular: abstains
- Present Participle: abstaining
- Past: abstained
Rodzina wyrazów
Forms
abstains
verb
abstaining
verb
abstained
verb
Core family
abstinence
noun C1
abstinent
adjective
Related words
abstention
noun C1
abstainer
noun
Wyrażenia
abstain from alcohol
1/æbstˈeɪn fɹˈʌm ˈælkəhˌɑl/
fixed phrase
choose not to drink alcohol
To decide not to drink any alcohol.
Przykłady
- He promised his family he would abstain from alcohol after the accident.
- Many pregnant women choose to abstain from alcohol for health reasons.
abstain from meat
1/æbstˈeɪn fɹˈʌm mˈit/
fixed phrase
choose not to eat meat
To decide not to eat meat, often for health or religious reasons.
Przykłady
- Many Catholics abstain from meat on Fridays during Lent.
- For this cleanse, participants must abstain from meat and dairy.
abstain from sex
1/æbstˈeɪn fɹˈʌm sˈɛks/
fixed phrase
choose not to have sex
To decide not to have sex, often for personal, health, or religious reasons.
Przykłady
- They chose to abstain from sex until after their wedding.
- Some people abstain from sex during certain religious periods.
abstain from smoking
1/æbstˈeɪn fɹˈʌm smˈoʊkɪŋ/
fixed phrase
choose not to smoke
To decide not to smoke cigarettes or other products.
Przykłady
- Patients are advised to abstain from smoking before and after surgery.
- He managed to abstain from smoking for six months.
abstain from voting
1/æbstˈeɪn fɹˈʌm vˈoʊtɪŋ/
fixed phrase
formal
choose not to take part in a vote
To choose not to vote when other people are voting on something.
Przykłady
- Several representatives chose to abstain from voting on the tax reform bill.
- If you have a conflict of interest, you should abstain from voting.
- Three members abstained from voting while the rest supported the motion.