austerity
gb/ˌɔstˈɛɹɪti/ us/ˌɔstˈɛɹɪti/
B2
Angielski
megszorítás, ridegség, szigor, puritánság, puritán egyszerűség, aszkézis
RZECZOWNIK
C1
FORMAL
1
megszorítás
B2
Schemat użycia:
austerity in [country/sector]; austerity for [group]; under austerity
After the financial crisis, the government introduced austerity to reduce the deficit.
A pénzügyi válság után a kormány megszorításokat vezetett be a hiány csökkentésére.
Many local services were cut during a decade of austerity.
A megszorítások egy évtizede alatt sok helyi szolgáltatást megnyirbáltak.
Critics argued that austerity slowed the recovery and widened inequality.
Przykłady dla uczących się
Austerity means the government spends less money.
A megszorítás azt jelenti, hogy a kormány kevesebb pénzt költ.
Austerity can lead to cuts in public services.
A megszorítások a közszolgáltatások megnyirbálásához vezethetnek.
Częsty błąd:
Don’t use it for personal saving habits unless the context is clearly about a very strict, hardship lifestyle; in news it most often refers to government spending cuts.
Znaczenie
government spending cuts policy
Kolokacje
austerity measures
|austerity policy
|austerity programme
|austerity plan
|fiscal austerity
|an austerity budget
|years of austerity
|post-austerity
|impose austerity
|end austerity
Synonimy
spending cuts (more specific and informal; focuses on reduced spending rather than the whole policy approach.)
|
fiscal tightening (more technical; emphasizes stricter budget policy in general.)
Antonimy
stimulus (government actions to boost the economy, often by increasing spending.)
|
expansionary spending (the opposite budget approach: spending more rather than cutting back.)
Tematy
economics
|government
|politics
|business
Definicja
a government plan to spend less money (and sometimes raise taxes)
a policy of reducing government spending and/or increasing taxes to lower public debt and deficits, often during economic difficulty
RZECZOWNIK
C1
FORMAL
2
Schemat użycia:
the austerity of [someone/something]
There was an austerity in her voice that discouraged further questions.
Volt valami ridegség a hangjában, ami elvette a kedvét a további kérdésektől.
The principal’s austerity made the school feel intimidating.
Az igazgató rideg szigora miatt az iskola félelmetesnek hatott.
His speech mixed humor with moments of real austerity.
Przykłady dla uczących się
His austerity made him seem cold.
A ridegsége miatt hidegnek tűnt.
She spoke with austerity.
Ridegen beszélt.
Częsty błąd:
Austerity is a noun; the adjective is austere (not *auster).
Znaczenie
sternness and lack of warmth
Kolokacje
the austerity of his manner
|moral austerity
|judicial austerity
|an air of austerity
|a tone of austerity
|with austerity
|project austerity
|austerity and discipline
Synonimy
severity (more general; can be about rules, punishment, or appearance.)
|
sternness (highlights strictness in a person’s manner.)
Antonimy
warmth (suggests friendliness and emotional openness.)
|
leniency (opposite in terms of strictness and rule enforcement.)
Tematy
personality
|emotions
|social
Definicja
a serious, strict way of behaving that feels cold
the quality of being strict, severe, or emotionally restrained, without softness or friendliness
RZECZOWNIK
B2
3
Schemat użycia:
live in austerity; the austerity of [a place/design]
They chose a year of austerity to pay off their debts.
Az adósságaik törlesztéséhez egy évig puritánul éltek.
The cabin’s austerity appealed to her after years in a busy city.
A kunyhó puritán egyszerűsége vonzotta őt a nyüzsgő városban töltött évek után.
The museum’s interior has a calm austerity, with bare walls and natural light.
Przykłady dla uczących się
After moving, they lived in austerity for a while.
A költözés után egy ideig puritán körülmények között éltek.
The room had a quiet austerity.
A szobát csendes puritánság jellemezte.
Częsty błąd:
This meaning is about simplicity and lack of comfort, not necessarily about being “cheap” or “low quality.”
Znaczenie
plain living with few comforts
Kolokacje
live in austerity
|a life of austerity
|monastic austerity
|spartan austerity
|the austerity of the room
|the austerity of the design
|self-imposed austerity
|material austerity
Synonimy
frugality (emphasizes careful spending rather than an overall stark lifestyle.)
|
simplicity (more positive/neutral; does not always imply hardship.)
Antonimy
luxury (suggests comfort and expensive pleasures.)
|
opulence (stronger than luxury; implies richness and display.)
Tematy
daily_life
|lifestyle
|design
Definicja
a simple life without extra comfort or luxury
a way of life or style that is very simple and plain, with few luxuries or comforts
RZECZOWNIK
C1
FORMAL
4
aszkézis
C1
Schemat użycia:
religious austerity; practice austerity; austerity and fasting
The monks embraced austerity as part of their spiritual practice.
A szerzetesek az aszkézist a spirituális gyakorlatuk részeként vállalták.
Her faith encouraged periods of austerity and fasting.
A hite aszkézisre és böjtös időszakokra ösztönözte.
The biography describes his early years of religious austerity.
Przykłady dla uczących się
Some monks live in austerity.
Néhány szerzetes aszkézisben él.
He practiced austerity during Lent.
Nagyböjt idején aszkézist gyakorolt.
Znaczenie
religious self-denial and discipline
Kolokacje
religious austerity
|monastic austerity
|practice austerity
|austerity and fasting
|acts of austerity
|a tradition of austerity
Synonimy
asceticism (the standard term; often broader and explicitly religious or philosophical.)
|
self-denial (more general; can be religious or personal.)
Antonimy
indulgence (enjoying pleasures rather than denying oneself.)
|
hedonism (a lifestyle centered on pleasure; a strong opposite.)
Tematy
religion
|lifestyle
|history
Definicja
doing without pleasure or comfort for religious reasons
strict self-discipline and self-denial, especially for religious reasons, such as fasting or avoiding comforts
Gramatyka
Forma słownikowa
austerity
IPA
GB/ˌɔstˈɛɹɪti/
US/ˌɔstˈɛɹɪti/
Sylaby i akcent
aus - ter - ity (3 sylaby)
Stress on 2nd syllable (ter)
Formy wyrazu
Noun
- Base: austerity
- Plural: austerities, austerity
Rodzina wyrazów
Wyrażenia
an age of austerity
1/ən ˈeɪd͡ʒ əv ˌɔstˈɛɹɪti/
fixed phrase
formal
period marked by strict cutbacks
a time when many people must spend less
Przykłady
- In an age of austerity, even popular programs faced funding cuts.
- The novel is set in an age of austerity after the war.
- Businesses adapted their strategies to an age of austerity.
Przykłady dla uczących się
- We are living in an age of austerity.
austerity budget
1/ˌɔstˈɛɹɪti bˈʌd͡ʒɪt/
fixed phrase
formal
budget focused on cutbacks
a government budget that cuts spending
Przykłady
- The chancellor delivered an austerity budget that reduced departmental funding.
- Opposition parties rejected the austerity budget as unfair.
- An austerity budget can shift the cost of services onto households.
Przykłady dla uczących się
- They announced an austerity budget.
- The budget included spending cuts.
austerity drive
1/ˌɔstˈɛɹɪti dɹˈaɪv/
fixed phrase
business
campaign to cut spending
a planned effort to spend less money
Przykłady
- The company launched an austerity drive after profits fell.
- An austerity drive across the public sector reduced hiring and travel budgets.
- Managers were asked to find savings as part of the austerity drive.
Przykłady dla uczących się
- The company began an austerity drive.
- The drive reduced costs.
austerity measures
1/ˌɔstˈɛɹɪti mˈɛʒɚz/
fixed phrase
formal
official spending cuts and tax rises
government actions to spend less (and sometimes tax more)
Przykłady
- The finance minister announced new austerity measures after the budget review.
- Austerity measures led to reductions in health and education spending.
- Several countries abandoned austerity measures once growth returned.
Przykłady dla uczących się
- The government introduced austerity measures.
- Austerity measures can cut public services.
austerity programme
1/ˌɔstˈɛɹɪti pɹˈoʊɡɹˌæm/
fixed phrase
formal
planned package of budget cuts
a government plan to reduce spending over time
Przykłady
- The country agreed to an austerity programme as part of an international loan deal.
- The austerity programme included pay freezes and benefit reforms.
- Protests grew as the austerity programme expanded to local government budgets.
Przykłady dla uczących się
- They started an austerity programme.
- The programme reduced public spending.
fiscal austerity
1/fˈɪskəl ˌɔstˈɛɹɪti/
fixed phrase
technical
strict government budget tightening
a strict policy to reduce government deficits
Przykłady
- Some economists argue that fiscal austerity is harmful during a recession.
- Fiscal austerity can reduce inflation but also slow growth.
- The report compared fiscal austerity across several European countries.
Przykłady dla uczących się
- Fiscal austerity means stricter government budgets.