fluctuation
gb/flˌʌkt͡ʃuˈeɪʃən/ us/flˌʌkt͡ʃuˈeɪʃən/
B2
Angielski
~ 8100
ingadozás, piaci ingadozás, fluktuáció, véletlenszerű ingadozás
RZECZOWNIK
B2
1
ingadozás
B1
Schemat użycia:
fluctuation in [something]
There has been a lot of fluctuation in the weather this month.
Ebben a hónapban sokat ingadozott az időjárás.
The doctor said my energy levels show normal daily fluctuation.
Az orvos szerint az energiaszintem normális napi ingadozást mutat.
We noticed a sudden fluctuation in the water pressure last night.
Mood fluctuation is common when you are under stress.
The graph shows clear fluctuation in attendance over the year.
Przykłady dla uczących się
There is a big fluctuation in the temperature this week.
Ezen a héten nagy a hőmérséklet-ingadozás.
We saw a fluctuation in the number of visitors each day.
Azt tapasztaltuk, hogy naponta ingadozott a látogatók száma.
Her weight shows only a small fluctuation from month to month.
The fluctuation in noise makes it hard to sleep.
Fluctuation in my internet speed is very annoying.
Częsty błąd:
Learners sometimes use 'fluctuation' when they mean a single change, saying *'a fluctuation in price from $5 to $10'* instead of simply 'a change in price'. 'Fluctuation' is normally used for a series of changes over time. Learners also sometimes say *'fluctuations of the temperature is high'*; the correct structure is 'temperature fluctuations are high' or 'there is a lot of fluctuation in the temperature'.
Znaczenie
Irregular changes in level or amount
Kolokacje
temperature fluctuation
|mood fluctuations
|hormonal fluctuations
|daily fluctuations
|small fluctuations
|wild fluctuations
Synonimy
variation (More general and can be used for differences at one time as well as changes over time; 'fluctuation' focuses on ongoing up-and-down change.)
|
instability (Emphasizes lack of steadiness and can sound more negative, while 'fluctuation' can be neutral or descriptive.)
Antonimy
stability (Describes a state where something stays the same and does not change up and down over time.)
|
consistency (Stresses regularity and sameness, the opposite of something that keeps changing.)
Tematy
general
|science
|daily_life
|core_vocabulary
Definicja
A series of small changes in the level or amount of something, going up and down over time.
An irregular, often continuous variation in the level, amount, or strength of something over time.
RZECZOWNIK
C1
TECHNICAL
2
Schemat użycia:
fluctuation in [economic measure]
The company blamed falling profits on sharp fluctuations in the euro–dollar exchange rate.
A vállalat a csökkenő nyereséget az euró–dollár árfolyam erős ingadozásaival magyarázta.
Investors are worried about recent price fluctuations in the housing market.
A befektetők aggódnak a lakáspiacon tapasztalható közelmúltbeli áringadozások miatt.
Our budget has to allow for fluctuations in fuel costs throughout the year.
The central bank intervened to limit fluctuations in the national currency.
Seasonal fluctuations in demand make it hard to plan our production.
Przykłady dla uczących się
The hotel changes its prices because of fluctuations in demand.
A szálloda a kereslet ingadozása miatt változtatja az árait.
Strong fluctuations in the stock market can scare new investors.
A tőzsde erős ingadozásai elriaszthatják az új befektetőket.
We must prepare for fluctuations in the exchange rate.
Price fluctuations make it difficult to plan our costs.
The report explains recent fluctuations in oil prices.
Częsty błąd:
Learners may say *'the price is fluctuation'* instead of using the verb form 'the price is fluctuating' or the noun with a support verb, 'there is a fluctuation in the price'. They may also confuse 'inflation' (a general rise in prices) with 'fluctuation' (prices going up and down).
Znaczenie
Short-term economic ups and downs
Kolokacje
price fluctuations
|market fluctuations
|currency fluctuations
|exchange rate fluctuations
|fluctuations in demand
Synonimy
volatility (Common in finance to describe how strongly prices move; often sounds more technical and risk-focused than 'fluctuation'.)
|
market swings (More informal and emphasizes large, noticeable movements rather than any size of change.)
Antonimy
price stability (Describes a situation where prices stay nearly the same rather than moving up and down.)
|
steady growth (Emphasizes smooth, predictable increase, the opposite of irregular economic movement.)
Tematy
business
|economics
|finance
Definicja
Many quick changes in prices, demand, or money value over a short time.
A short-term, often rapid variation in an economic measure such as prices, demand, markets, or currency exchange rates.
RZECZOWNIK
C2
TECHNICAL
3
Schemat użycia:
fluctuation in [measured quantity]
The experiment measures tiny thermal fluctuations in the metal surface.
A kísérlet a fémfelület apró termikus fluktuációit méri.
Random fluctuations in the data can hide the underlying trend.
Az adatok véletlenszerű ingadozásai elfedhetik a mögöttes trendet.
Quantum fluctuations may have played a role in the formation of galaxies.
We filtered out high-frequency fluctuations from the signal.
The model assumes only small pressure fluctuations around the mean value.
Przykłady dla uczących się
The scientist studies small fluctuations in temperature.
A kutató a hőmérséklet apró ingadozásait vizsgálja.
Random fluctuations in the signal make the data hard to read.
A jel véletlenszerű ingadozásai miatt nehéz értelmezni az adatokat.
We cannot avoid some fluctuation in our measurements.
The chart shows fluctuations around the average line.
The device is very sensitive to voltage fluctuations.
Częsty błąd:
Learners may confuse 'fluctuation' with 'oscillation'. 'Oscillation' suggests a regular back-and-forth pattern, while 'fluctuation' often refers to irregular or random changes around an average.
Znaczenie
Random deviations from an average value
Kolokacje
random fluctuations
|thermal fluctuations
|quantum fluctuations
|pressure fluctuations
|signal fluctuations
Synonimy
noise (In scientific and technical contexts, 'noise' is unwanted random fluctuation in a signal, not just any variation.)
|
perturbation (More formal and mathematical; often refers to a small change applied to a system, whereas 'fluctuation' can be naturally occurring.)
Antonimy
equilibrium (Describes a balanced state with no net change, where fluctuations are minimal or absent.)
|
constancy (Emphasizes remaining the same over time, without random deviation from the average.)
Tematy
science
|physics
|statistics
Definicja
Small, often random changes from the normal or average value in a scientific measurement.
A random or small-scale variation of a physical, biological, or measured quantity around its average or equilibrium value.
Gramatyka
Forma słownikowa
fluctuation
IPA
GB/flˌʌkt͡ʃuˈeɪʃən/
US/flˌʌkt͡ʃuˈeɪʃən/
Sylaby i akcent
fluc - tu - ation (3 sylaby)
Stress on 3rd syllable (ation)
Formy wyrazu
Noun
- Base: fluctuation
- Plural: fluctuation, fluctuations
Rodzina wyrazów
Wyrażenia
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